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Geosciences
Special Issues
Interacting Alongslope and Downslope Sedimentary Processes
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Interacting Alongslope and Downslope Sedimentary Processes

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Sedimentology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2019) | Viewed by 35912

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aggeliki Georgiopoulou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment & Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
Interests: submarine landslides; turbidites; contourites; deep sea processes; sediment transport; submarine canyons
Dr. Sara Benetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
Interests: marine sediments; marine geomorphology; glaciomarine and glacial sedimentation; deep sea sedimentation; ice-rafted debris; downslope sediment transport; alongslope sediment transport

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue of Geosciences is to collate current knowledge on the interaction of downslope and alongslope processes that take place on subaqueous slopes and to identify future research directions. Downslope, gravity-driven and alongslope, current-driven sediment transport processes are common phenomena on subaqueous slopes. However, mixed depositional systems are only now beginning to be identified thanks to high-resolution datasets that are increasingly becoming available. Flow energy, competency and duration differ between the two processes, yet they often mix and generate either alternating deposits or coeval interacting deposits, which are often difficult to differentiate. The implications are numerous for example for deltaic sedimentation models, stability of contouritic slopes, hydrocarbon exploration, palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, etc. We invite contributions that explore these processes and that use diverse datasets, such as seismic, modern seafloor, core and ancient outcrops.

Dr. Aggeliki Georgiopoulou
Dr. Sara Benetti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Contourites
  • Turbidites
  • Canyons
  • Channels
  • Continental slope
  • Continental rise
  • Slope stability Sediment thieving
  • Deep ocean currents

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

43 pages, 11615 KiB  
Article
Distinguishing between Deep-Water Sediment Facies: Turbidites, Contourites and Hemipelagites
by Dorrik Stow and Zeinab Smillie
Geosciences 2020, 10(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020068 - 13 Feb 2020
Cited by 141 | Viewed by 27546
Abstract
The distinction between turbidites, contourites and hemipelagites in modern and ancient deep-water systems has long been a matter of controversy. This is partly because the processes themselves show a degree of overlap as part of a continuum, so that the deposit characteristics also [...] Read more.
The distinction between turbidites, contourites and hemipelagites in modern and ancient deep-water systems has long been a matter of controversy. This is partly because the processes themselves show a degree of overlap as part of a continuum, so that the deposit characteristics also overlap. In addition, the three facies types commonly occur within interbedded sequences of continental margin deposits. The nature of these end-member processes and their physical parameters are becoming much better known and are summarised here briefly. Good progress has also been made over the past decade in recognising differences between end-member facies in terms of their sedimentary structures, facies sequences, ichnofacies, sediment textures, composition and microfabric. These characteristics are summarised here in terms of standard facies models and the variations from these models that are typically encountered in natural systems. Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged that clear distinction is not always possible on the basis of sedimentary characteristics alone, and that uncertainties should be highlighted in any interpretation. A three-scale approach to distinction for all deep-water facies types should be attempted wherever possible, including large-scale (oceanographic and tectonic setting), regional-scale (architecture and association) and small-scale (sediment facies) observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interacting Alongslope and Downslope Sedimentary Processes)
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17 pages, 14348 KiB  
Article
Impact of Tectonic, Glacial and Contour Current Processes on the Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Development of the Southeast Greenland Margin
by Katrien An Heirman, Tove Nielsen and Antoon Kuijpers
Geosciences 2019, 9(4), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040157 - 3 Apr 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3221
Abstract
To understand the geomorphological contrast between the northern and southern parts of the Southeast Greenland margin with its marked differences in sedimentary regime, bathymetric and seismic reflection, data have been compiled and analysed. While previous studies focused on selected parts of this margin, [...] Read more.
To understand the geomorphological contrast between the northern and southern parts of the Southeast Greenland margin with its marked differences in sedimentary regime, bathymetric and seismic reflection, data have been compiled and analysed. While previous studies focused on selected parts of this margin, the present study provides an intergraded overview of the entire margin from Cap Farewell to Denmark Strait. The prominent north–south contrast shows a wide northern shelf and a narrow southern shelf. The origin of this width disparity can be traced back to the initial formation stage of the Irminger Sea due to regional differences in uplift versus oceanic subsidence. This regional tectonic discrepancy also created a difference in sediment accommodation space that, in combination with a weak ocean circulation regime, favoured formation of Oligocene–Miocene turbidite fan complexes along the lower southern slope. These fan complexes became the core of sediment drift ridges that strike perpendicular to the slope. Strong bottom currents, which gradually increase in strength towards the south, were mainly prevalent during warmer climate stages. During glacial periods, downslope transport of glacigenic sediments and hyperpycnal meltwater flow further shaped the large drift ridges and formed several relatively narrow, V-shaped turbidite channels extending towards the deep Irminger Sea basin. These V-shaped channels are still active today when cascading dense winter water from the shelf flows downwards along the shelf to the Irminger Sea basin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interacting Alongslope and Downslope Sedimentary Processes)
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18 pages, 5364 KiB  
Article
Assessing Submarine Slope Stability through Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches: A Case Study on the West-Central Scotia Slope
by Kevin MacKillop, Gordon Fenton, David Mosher, Valerie Latour and Perry Mitchelmore
Geosciences 2019, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010018 - 28 Dec 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4282
Abstract
A simplified geostatistical approach was adopted to assess the effect of spatial variability of soil properties on slope stability analysis in order to understand continental margin geologic processes and potential geohazards for an area of the central Scotian Slope, offshore Nova Scotia, Canada. [...] Read more.
A simplified geostatistical approach was adopted to assess the effect of spatial variability of soil properties on slope stability analysis in order to understand continental margin geologic processes and potential geohazards for an area of the central Scotian Slope, offshore Nova Scotia, Canada. The analyses are conducted on piston core samples, thus are restricted to ~12 m sub-seabed; however, the approach provides insight into the general effects of spatial and temporal variability. Data processing using geostatistics and assessment of spatial correlation are used to characterize the current dataset. A deterministic assessment was performed for both non-spatially averaged and spatially averaged core sections. The results indicate that the estimated factor of safety increased by about 30% when spatially averaged values were used. A probabilistic model is introduced to assess reliability of the slope. The approach makes use of estimates of both the mean and variance of input random variables (e.g., Su and γb). The model uses an exact probabilistic formulation for the total stress stability analysis and a Taylor series approximation for the effective stress stability analysis. In both cases, the mean and variance of the factor of safety are computed, leading to estimates of failure probability. The results suggest that the deterministic analysis is conservative with respect to slope reliability, although they do not lead to an estimate of the probability of failure. While these results indicate sediment instability is largely unlikely under static conditions, the reality is that many examples of submarine slope failure are observed in the geologic record. These results suggest that cyclic loading (earthquakes) or pre-conditioning factors (elevation of pore pressures) are critical for slope instability on the Scotian Slope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interacting Alongslope and Downslope Sedimentary Processes)
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