Computational, Field Observations and Laboratory Approaches of Volcano-Tectonic Processes, Eruption Mechanisms and Flow Emplacement

Dear Colleagues,

Almost all eruptions, whether in volcanic zones/fields or central volcanoes (composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes, collapse calderas, basaltic edifices), are supplied with magma through dikes or inclined sheets (cone sheets). In turn, the vertical and inclined intrusions, dikes/sheets, derive their magmas from a source—normally a shallow magma chamber or a deep-seated reservoir. Thus, eruptions normally occur when a magma-filled fracture is able to propagate from its source, whether it is a magma chamber or a magma reservoir, to the surface. Understanding the subsurface conditions and dynamics of magma is key to mitigating the hazards and environmental impacts of volcanic eruptions. Observable and measurable precursors of eruptions (e.g., degassing, tremors, and edifice deformation) and information from melt and fluid inclusions, minerals, vesicles, and glass in erupted products can be used to decode the storage conditions of multiphase magma in reservoirs and its transport processes in volcanic conduits during eruptions. Field observations show that most dikes become arrested at contacts between mechanically dissimilar rock layers, The main mechanical property that varies across the contact is the stiffness or Young’s modulus. The ideal condition for a dike (or any other mode I extension) fracture to become arrested at such a contact is when the layer above the contact is much stiffer than the layer below the contact (the one hosting the dike). However, for many arrested dikes the layer above may be more compliant than the one hosting the dike; this is because there are three processes that may contribute to dike arrest at any particular contact: Cook–Gordon delamination, stress barrier, and elastic mismatch. This Special Issue aims to publish papers within a broad and interdisciplinary scope of magmatic systems, their tectono-physical evolution, hydrothermal circulation, geothermal potential and measures to understand and forecast volcanic eruptions using field observations, laboratory analyses, experiments, numerical modelling, geophysical and geological techniques.

Dr. Mohsen Bazargan
Guest Editor

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• hydraulic fracturing with viscous flow
• eruption mechanisms
• flow emplacement
• volcano monitoring
• hydrothermal/geothermal potential
• geological layering
• permeability evolution