Assessment of Normal and Abnormal Functions of the Human Embryonic and Fetal Cardiovascular System: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiac Development and Regeneration".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022)

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Group Cardio-Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, UMG, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
Interests: cardiovascular development; cardiac looping; visceral left-right asymmetry; biomechanics; pumping mechanism of valveless heart tubes; form–function relationships; in vivo imaging; proepicardial development; congenital heart defects
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) has launched a Special Issue on the assessment of normal and abnormal functions of the human embryonic and fetal cardiovascular system. Studies on animal embryos and fetuses have shown that functional factors (fluid flow, pressure, shear forces, etc.) play important roles in the normal prenatal morphogenesis of the cardiovascular system as well as in the prenatal morphogenesis and progression of congenital cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the normal and abnormal development of the prenatal function of our cardiovascular system, therefore, may improve prenatal diagnosis and therapy for congenital cardiovascular diseases.

For a long time period, our knowledge about the functional development of the human embryonic and fetal cardiovascular system was derived almost exclusively from the extrapolation of observations of animal embryos/fetuses to the human species. Very few data came from studies on human embryos or fetuses that had survived abortion for a short time. The development of non-invasive imaging techniques, such as Doppler–ultrasonography or fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, has made it possible to assess the function of the human embryonic and/or fetal cardiovascular system in utero. Therefore, our knowledge about the prenatal function of the human cardiovascular system nowadays does not reply exclusively on observations made for animals.

The Special Issue aims to stimulate the exchange of knowledge about the prenatal function of the cardiovascular system between those who study these function in animal embryos/fetuses and those who study them in human embryos/fetuses. Research papers and review articles on any aspect related to the abovementioned topics are weclome. This Special Issue will provide a platform for the presentation and discussion of our current knowledge on the prenatal development of the human cardiovascular system and its functions

Prof. Dr. Jörg Männer
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • human embryo
  • human fetus
  • embryonic cardiovascular function
  • fetal cardiovascular function
  • congenital cardiovascular diseases
  • prenatal imaging
  • prenatal cardiovascular physiology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 2530 KiB  
Review
When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge about the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man
by Jörg Männer
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2022, 9(6), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9060187 - 9 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7222
Abstract
The onset of embryonic heart beating may be regarded as the defining feature for the beginning of personal human life. Clarifying the timing of the first human heartbeat, therefore, has religious, philosophical, ethical, and medicolegal implications. This article reviews the historical and contemporary [...] Read more.
The onset of embryonic heart beating may be regarded as the defining feature for the beginning of personal human life. Clarifying the timing of the first human heartbeat, therefore, has religious, philosophical, ethical, and medicolegal implications. This article reviews the historical and contemporary sources of knowledge on the beginning of human heart activity. Special attention is given to the problem of the determination of the true age of human embryos and to the problem of visualization of the human embryonic heart activity. It is shown that historical and current textbook statements about the onset of blood circulation in man do not derive from observations on living human embryos but derive from the extrapolation of observations on animal embryos to the human species. This fact does not preclude the existence of documented observations on human embryonic heart activity: Modern diagnostic (ultrasound) and therapeutic (IVF) procedures facilitate the visualization of early embryonic heart activity in precisely dated pregnancies. Such studies showed that the human heart started its pumping action during the fourth post-fertilization week. A small number of direct observations on the heart activity of aborted human embryos were reported since the 19th century, but did not receive much recognition by embryologists. Full article
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