Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interactions by CFD (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2024) | Viewed by 2038

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Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, RM, Italy
Interests: computational hydraulics; free-surface flows; three-dimensional numerical models; curvilinear coordinates; coastal engineering; coastal sediment transport
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the study of fluid–structure interactions (FSIs) has received increasing attention in various engineering fields, including ocean engineering. The interaction between ocean waves and offshore or coastal structures is one of the most critical FSI problems in this field. Numerical simulation has become a powerful and cost-effective tool for investigating ocean fluid–structure interaction (OFSI) problems. Simulations of wave motion, wave-induced flow velocity fields, energy transport and the stresses exerted on fixed or floating structures are the basis of the design and verification of engineering works such as offshore oil platforms, wave energy converters, floating dams and coastal defense structures.

This Special Issue focuses on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate OFSI problems. CFD-based numerical simulations can provide valuable insights into the underlying flow physics and performance of different types of offshore structures under various ocean wave conditions. The spatial dimensions and complexity of the investigated engineering problem and the expected accuracy of the numerical results justify the adoption of different CFD methods: they can include mesh-based depth-averaged two-dimensional models, fully three-dimensional ones or the more recent meshless methods, which, although more time-consuming, are suitable for simulating complex interface flows and their interaction with solid structures.

This Special Issue promotes the application of computational fluid dynamics in ocean fluid–structure interaction problems, recent advances in the adopted CFD methods and the application of existing methods to new OFSI problems. The presented studies will provide valuable insights into the flow physics and performance of offshore structures and promote their development in terms of efficiency and robustness.

In light of the success of this topic and the pressing issue, we would like to announce the 2nd Edition.

Dr. Giovanni Cannata
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fluid–structure interaction
  • offshore structures
  • wave structure
  • floating structures
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • CFD
  • numerical simulation
  • ocean wave

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 10890 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Vibration Characteristics of Spatial Radial Gate Affected by Fluid–Structure Interaction
by Feng Liu, Chao Xu, Min Liu, Ruiji Yi and Yu Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(10), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101804 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 604
Abstract
Radial gate, a spatial frame structure, is the key factor to control water discharge in dam structure and storm surge barriers. However, the fluid-induced vibration (FIV) problem always occurs owing to fluctuation loads exerted on the gate, threatening the safety of hydropower stations. [...] Read more.
Radial gate, a spatial frame structure, is the key factor to control water discharge in dam structure and storm surge barriers. However, the fluid-induced vibration (FIV) problem always occurs owing to fluctuation loads exerted on the gate, threatening the safety of hydropower stations. In this work, two fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modal analysis methods—the coupled acoustics–structure method and the added-mass method—are provided. Further, a comprehensive investigation on the vibration characteristics of the spatial radial gate, considering spatial structural characteristics and the FSI effect, is conducted. The numerical results revealed that the feasibility of the proposed coupled acoustics–structure method in analyzing FSI modal analysis was demonstrated; moreover, a reasonable length of the fluid domain in front of the skinplate existed for efficient computation. Meanwhile, through the added-mass method, the rational added-mass discount factor of hydrodynamic loads obtained from the Westergaard formula was provided. The FSI effect induced whole-gate rotation vibration streamwise around trunnion pins, significantly reducing the gate’s fundamental vibration frequency. In addition, three typical dynamic-instability vibration patterns of radial gates were presented. These patterns were affected by spatial structural characteristics and FSI. It was demonstrated that the struts and skinplate coupled bending–torsional vibration would cause the radial gate frame structure to fail catastrophically. The proposed insights can provide guidelines of vibration characteristics analysis of the radial gate submerged in flow water in reservoir and storm surge barriers. Full article
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26 pages, 11662 KiB  
Article
Advanced Numerical Simulation of Scour around Bridge Piers: Effects of Pier Geometry and Debris on Scour Depth
by Muhanad Al-Jubouri, Richard P. Ray and Ethar H. Abbas
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1637; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091637 - 13 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1140
Abstract
Investigating different pier shapes and debris Finteractions in scour patterns is vital for understanding the risks to bridge stability. This study investigates the impact of different shapes of pier and debris interactions on scour patterns using numerical simulations with flow-3D and controlled laboratory [...] Read more.
Investigating different pier shapes and debris Finteractions in scour patterns is vital for understanding the risks to bridge stability. This study investigates the impact of different shapes of pier and debris interactions on scour patterns using numerical simulations with flow-3D and controlled laboratory experiments. The model setup is rigorously calibrated against a physical flume experiment, incorporating a steady-state flow as the initial condition for sediment transport simulations. The Fractional Area/Volume Obstacle Representation (FAVOR) technique and the renormalized group (RNG) turbulence model enhance the simulation’s precision. The numerical results indicate that pier geometry is a critical factor influencing the scour depth. Among the tested shapes, square piers exhibit the most severe scour, with depths reaching 5.8 cm, while lenticular piers show the least scour, with a maximum depth of 2.5 cm. The study also highlights the role of horseshoe, wake, and shear layer vortices in determining scour locations, with varying impacts across different pier shapes. The Q-criterion study identified debris-induced vortex generation and intensification. The debris amount, thickness, and pier diameter (T/Y) significantly affect the scouring patterns. When dealing with high wedge (HW) debris, square piers have the largest scour depth at T/Y = 0.25, while lenticular piers exhibit a lower scour. When debris is present, the scour depth rises at T/Y = 0.5. Depending on the form of the debris, a significant fluctuation of up to 5 cm was reported. There are difficulties in precisely estimating the scour depth under complicated circumstances because of the disparity between numerical simulations and actual data, which varies from 6% for square piers with a debris relative thickness T/Y = 0.25 to 32% for cylindrical piers with T/Y = 0.5. The study demonstrates that while flow-3D simulations align reasonably well with the experimental data under a low debris impact, discrepancies increase with more complex debris interactions and higher submersion depths, particularly for cylindrical piers. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive approach to evaluating the effects of different pier shapes and debris interactions on scour patterns, offering new insights into the effectiveness of flow-3D simulations in predicting the scour patterns under varying conditions. Full article
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