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Marine Shellfish Toxicity
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Marine Shellfish Toxicity

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2021) | Viewed by 13029

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Živana Ninčević Gladan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plankton and Shellfish toxicity, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: phytoplankton ecology; taxonomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The problems of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and shellfish toxicity are present in coastal waters worldwide. The global spreading of HABs has been attributed to eutrophication, ballast water, transfers of live shellfish, and climate change, but also to increased awareness of HABs and the rise in the number and frequency of national monitoring programs. Toxins produced during HABs contaminate marine environments, accumulate in aquatic organisms, and represent a threat to human health and ecosystems. Since phycotoxins may contaminate food, mostly shellfish due to their filter-feeding ability, the development of reliable risk assessments for these compounds and health safety is necessary. Due to the negative impact of these blooms on human health, ecosystems, the economy, and tourism, this Special Issue consists of articles that consider:

  • The factors responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and termination of HABs;
  • The response of HABs to climate change and anthropogenic impacts;
  • Phycotoxins in marine organisms;
  • Food safety;
  • Risk assessments methods;
  • Health safety.

Dr. Živana Ninčević Gladan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Harmful algal blooms (HABs)
  • Phycotoxins
  • Food safety
  • Climate change
  • Anthropogenic impacts
  • Health safety

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3341 KiB  
Article
Red Sea MODIS Estimates of Chlorophyll a and Phytoplankton Biomass Risks to Saudi Arabian Coastal Desalination Plants
by M. N. Gomaa, D. J. Mulla, J. C. Galzki, K. M. Sheikho, N. M. Alhazmi, H. E. Mohamed, I. Hannachi, A. M. Abouwarda, E. A. Hassan and W. W. Carmichael
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010011 - 23 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2945
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the high biomass associated with them have afflicted marine desalination plants along coastal regions around the world. Few studies of HABs have been conducted in the Red Sea, where desalination plants along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast [...] Read more.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and the high biomass associated with them have afflicted marine desalination plants along coastal regions around the world. Few studies of HABs have been conducted in the Red Sea, where desalination plants along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast provide drinking water for millions of people. This study was conducted along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coast from 2014 to 2015 to assess the potential for using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing of chlorophyll a (Chl a) or fluorescence line height (FLH) to identify risks for biofouling at these desalination plants. Ship-based surveys of phytoplankton were conducted along the Saudi Arabian coastline offshore of desalination plants at Jeddah, Al Shoaibah and Al Qunfudhuh to assess the density of phytoplankton populations and identify any potential HAB species. Ship-based surveys showed low to moderate concentrations of phytoplankton, averaging from 1800–10,000 cells L−1 at Jeddah, 2000–11,000 cells L−1 at Al Shoaibah and 1000–20,500 cells L−1 at Al Qunfudhuh. Sixteen different species of potentially toxigenic HABs were identified through these surveys. There was a good relationship between ship-based total phytoplankton counts and monthly averaged coastal MODIS Chl a (R2 = 0.49, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.27 mg m−3) or FLH (R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 0.04 mW m−2 µm−1 sr−1) values. Monthly average near shore Chl a concentrations obtained using MODIS satellite imagery were much higher in the Red Sea coastal areas at Al Qunfudhuh (maximum of about 1.3 mg m−3) than at Jeddah or Al Shoaibah (maximum of about 0.4 and 0.5 mg m−3, respectively). Chlorophyll a concentrations were generally highest from the months of December to March, producing higher risks of biofouling desalination plants than in other months. Concentrations decreased significantly, on average, from April to September. Long-term (2005–2016) monthly averaged MODIS Chl a values were used to delineate four statistically distinct zones of differing HAB biomass across the entire Red Sea. Sinusoidal functions representing monthly variability were fit to satellite Chl a values in each zone (RMSE values from 0.691 to 0.07 mg m−3, from Zone 1 to 4). December to January mean values and annual amplitudes for Chl a in these four sinusoidal functions decreased from Zones 1–4. In general, the greatest risk of HABs to desalination occurs during winter months in Zone 1 (Southern Red Sea), while HAB risks to desalination plants in winter months are low to moderate in Zone 2 (South Central Red Sea), and negligible in Zones 3 (North Central) and 4 (Northern). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Shellfish Toxicity)
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22 pages, 6185 KiB  
Article
Phytoplankton Dynamics in the Middle Adriatic Estuary, with a Focus on the Potentially Toxic Genus Pseudo-nitzschia
by Jasna Arapov, Mia Bužančić, Sanda Skejić, Jelena Mandić, Ana Bakrač, Maja Straka and Živana Ninčević Gladan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(8), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080608 - 15 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2551
Abstract
The Krka River estuary is a karstic, permanently stratified estuary due to the strong freshwater inflow. It is a special environment in which to study the phytoplankton community, especially because this area is an important aquaculture site. Among other potentially toxic phytoplankton species, [...] Read more.
The Krka River estuary is a karstic, permanently stratified estuary due to the strong freshwater inflow. It is a special environment in which to study the phytoplankton community, especially because this area is an important aquaculture site. Among other potentially toxic phytoplankton species, the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia occurs frequently and is a potential source of domoic acid (DA), causing shellfish toxicity and human intoxication. The main objective was to examine the dynamics of the phytoplankton community and, in particular, the genus Pseudo-nitzschia in the upper part of the Krka estuary, through monthly sampling over two years. The phytoplankton community was analysed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia species and characterise the environmental parameters associated with a high abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia species. Seven Pseudo-nitzschia species were identified in the investigation, with higher frequencies and abundances in the less variable layer, at a 7 m depth. Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia were noted in the late summer/early autumn, dominated by P. delicatissima/arenysensis. Winter assemblages were characterised by P. pseudodelicatissima/cuspidata, P. calliantha, and P. subfraudulenta, and were associated with domoic acid occurrence in shellfish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Shellfish Toxicity)
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Review

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32 pages, 1501 KiB  
Review
Lead, Mercury and Cadmium in Fish and Shellfish from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (African Countries): Public Health Challenges
by Isidro José Tamele and Patricia Vázquez Loureiro
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(5), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050344 - 12 May 2020
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 7058
Abstract
The main aim of this review was to assess the incidence of Pb, Hg and Cd in seafood from African countries on the Indian and the Red Sea coasts and the level of their monitoring and control, where the direct consumption of seafood [...] Read more.
The main aim of this review was to assess the incidence of Pb, Hg and Cd in seafood from African countries on the Indian and the Red Sea coasts and the level of their monitoring and control, where the direct consumption of seafood without quality control are frequently due to the poverty in many African countries. Some seafood from African Indian and the Red Sea coasts such as mollusks and fishes have presented Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations higher than permitted limit by FAOUN/EU regulations, indicating a possible threat to public health. Thus, the operationalization of the heavy metals (HM) monitoring and control is strongly recommended since these countries have laboratories with minimal conditions for HM analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Shellfish Toxicity)
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