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Lubricants
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Advances in Green Eco-friendly Lubricants
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Advances in Green Eco-friendly Lubricants

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 15485

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Buyung Kosasih

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Interests: fluid dynamics of industrial processes; pedagogy of mechanical engineering; renewable energy technologies; aqueous lubrication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Use of lubricants is one of the main ways to reduce friction and wear in many man-run processes. Today, dwindling petroleum-based lubricants are still the dominant lubricants materials. Because of this, they are also some of the main contributors of the hazardous footprints on the earth. The impacts will continue to increase and become irreversible if nothing is done. In response, one of the current directions of tribology research is to develop green renewable biodegradable lubricants (i.e. aqueous and plant-based oils).

This Special Issue aims to present advances and future trends/directions of aqueous (water-based) and plant-oil-based lubricants research addressing knowledge gaps and the practical limitations.

Prof. Dr. Buyung Kosasih
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Aqueous
  • Chemical modifications
  • Ester
  • Fatty acids
  • Plants oils
  • Triglycerides
  • Vegetable oils

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 4975 KiB  
Article
Study of Jatropha curcas Linn and Olea europaea as Bio-Oil Lubricant to Physical Properties and Wear Rate
by Iis Siti Aisyah, Wahyu Caesarendra, Dini Kurniawati, Maftuchah Maftuchah, Deva Agung, Adam Glowacz, Krzysztof Oprzędkiewicz and Hui Liu
Lubricants 2021, 9(4), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9040039 - 5 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2953
Abstract
This paper presents a study on the effect of the mixed volume fraction of Jatropha curcas Oil (JCO) and Olea europea or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the physical properties of the oil, especially viscosity, density and water content. This study also [...] Read more.
This paper presents a study on the effect of the mixed volume fraction of Jatropha curcas Oil (JCO) and Olea europea or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the physical properties of the oil, especially viscosity, density and water content. This study also presents the mechanical properties examination result, especially its effect on the wear rate of the pin on disc tribometer results on ST 41 steel specimens, using optical microscopy. The independent variables used were variations of the oil mixture: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% EVOO. With the increase in the percentage of the EVOO mixture in JCO, the density decreases. The result of water content in a higher percentage of JCO, the higher the water content value of 0.1217%. Pure JCO has the higher viscosity value of 1.9084 m2/s. The higher the percentage of JCO, the lower the wear rate value obtained. In the tribometer test, the pin on disk mixture of pure JCO has the lower wear value of 5.09 m2/s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Eco-friendly Lubricants)
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14 pages, 3418 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Epoxidation of Waste Cooking Oil and Its Methyl Esters for Lubricant Applications: Characterization and Rheology
by Atanu Kumar Paul, Venu Babu Borugadda and Vaibhav V. Goud
Lubricants 2021, 9(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9030027 - 2 Mar 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4214
Abstract
In the present investigation, in-situ epoxidation of waste cooking oil and its methyl esters was prepared, and the rheological behavior was analyzed for biolubricant applications. Rheological properties of the prepared epoxides were measured at a temperature of 25–100 °C, at a shear rate [...] Read more.
In the present investigation, in-situ epoxidation of waste cooking oil and its methyl esters was prepared, and the rheological behavior was analyzed for biolubricant applications. Rheological properties of the prepared epoxides were measured at a temperature of 25–100 °C, at a shear rate ranging from 5 to 300 s−1. As viscosity is one of the critical parameters for potential biolubricant applications, in the present study, the power-law model was used to investigate the flow behavior of the epoxides. The viscosity of epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides showed Newtonian flow behavior in the studied temperature range. Different shear rates (5–100, 5–300, 100–300 s−1) were studied to determine the shear rate dependency of the epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides at different temperatures. From the average viscosity values, it was shown that the epoxides show identical results at all shear rates. The dynamic viscosities of the epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides were found to be dependent on fatty acid chain length, unsaturation, and temperature. Detailed physicochemical characterization for epoxide waste cooking oil (EWCO) and epoxide waste cooking oil methyl esters (EWCOME) were carried out to evaluate the properties for suitable biolubricant applications using standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) methods. Based on the viscosity for EWCO (278.9 mm2/s) and EWCOME (12.15 mm2/s) and viscosity index for EWCO (164.94) and EWCOME (151.97) of the prepared epoxides, they could complement the standard ISO vegetable grade (VG) lubricants in the market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Eco-friendly Lubricants)
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19 pages, 9851 KiB  
Article
Investigations on the Scuffing and Wear Characteristic Performance of an Oil Free Water-Based Lubricant for Gear Applications
by Nadine Sagraloff, Karl Jakob Winkler, Thomas Tobie, Karsten Stahl, Christopher Folland and Tobias Asam
Lubricants 2021, 9(3), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9030024 - 2 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4321
Abstract
In most gear drive applications mineral or synthetic oils are used as lubricants, which are made of fossil raw materials and are non-biodegradable. In applications located in critical environmental areas such as boats or harbors, eco-friendly lubricants are needed. As a result, a [...] Read more.
In most gear drive applications mineral or synthetic oils are used as lubricants, which are made of fossil raw materials and are non-biodegradable. In applications located in critical environmental areas such as boats or harbors, eco-friendly lubricants are needed. As a result, a gear transmission fluid based on water is currently being developed in a research project supported by the Bayrische Forschungsstiftung (Bavarian Research Foundation). Results of former research showed that in general it is possible to use water-based lubricants in gear drives under certain operating conditions. Since water has a low viscosity compared to conventional used lubricants, plant extracts are added to generate higher viscosities. In order to avoid tribological influenced damages such as sliding wear and scuffing on the surface of gear flanks, adequate additives are needed. Different combinations of plant extracts and additives were investigated using the scuffing test A/8.3/RT according to DIN ISO 14635-1. The results show a surprisingly high load carrying capacity regarding scuffing. Additionally, two wear tests based on DGMK 377-01 were conducted with one sample fluid. A high risk of sliding wear was detected. Additionally, MTM and SRV measurements were conducted with different polymers to optimize the lubricant. The results of the wear tests help to define operating conditions for a future lubricant based on water and plant extracts. This paper aims to share the results of the performed experimental investigations and discusses the challenges regarding the development of such new lubricants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Eco-friendly Lubricants)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 7103 KiB  
Article
Eco-Friendly Water-Based Nanolubricants for Industrial-Scale Hot Steel Rolling
by Hui Wu, Hamidreza Kamali, Mingshuai Huo, Fei Lin, Shuiquan Huang, Han Huang, Sihai Jiao, Zhao Xing and Zhengyi Jiang
Lubricants 2020, 8(11), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8110096 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3358
Abstract
Eco-friendly and low-cost water-based nanolubricants containing rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for accelerating their applications in industrial-scale hot steel rolling. The lubrication performance of developed nanolubricants was evaluated in a 2-high Hille 100 experimental rolling mill at a rolling temperature of [...] Read more.
Eco-friendly and low-cost water-based nanolubricants containing rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for accelerating their applications in industrial-scale hot steel rolling. The lubrication performance of developed nanolubricants was evaluated in a 2-high Hille 100 experimental rolling mill at a rolling temperature of 850 °C in comparison to that of pure water. The results indicate that the use of nanolubricant enables one to decrease the rolling force, reduce the surface roughness and the oxide scale thickness, and enhance the surface hardness. In particular, the nanolubricant consisting of 4 wt % TiO2, 10 wt % glycerol, 0.2 wt % sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and 1 wt % Snailcool exhibits the best lubrication performance by lowering the rolling force, surface roughness and oxide scale thickness by up to 8.1%, 53.7% and 50%, respectively. The surface hardness is increased by 4.4%. The corresponding lubrication mechanisms are attributed to its superior wettability and thermal conductivity associated with the synergistic effect of rolling, mending and laminae forming that are contributed by TiO2 NPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green Eco-friendly Lubricants)
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