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Membranes
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Modeling, Simulation and Application of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment...
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Modeling, Simulation and Application of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment 2.0

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Analysis and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 6078

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alejandro Ruiz García

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering and Automation, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
Interests: desalination; reverse osmosis; fouling; wastewater; modelling; process control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mudhar Al-Obaidi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technical Institute of Baquba, Middle Technical University, Baquba 32001, Iraq
Interests: modelling, simulation and optimization of membrane and thermal water desalination and wastewater treatment; hybrid systems based renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water treatment is essential since it covers fundamental aspects such as the supply of drinking water, water for irrigation and industries, as well as the treatment of wastewater for its subsequent discharge. Membrane-based processes such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, membrane distillation, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, membrane capacitive deionization, etc. are key in water treatment. Despite the efforts made, there is still room for improvement in aspects such as energy consumption, water flux recovery, environmental concerns and the impact of membrane fouling on the performance of the processes, these issues constitute some of the main obstacles for the implementation of membrane-based processes. The application of modelling and simulation techniques are key to overcome the previous barriers as they can provide optimal design and operation solutions as well as assist in the design of control systems that allow improving the performance of membrane processes for water treatment in terms of energy, economy and environment.

This Special Issue on "Modeling and Simulations of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment" aims to gather the foremost developments in methodologies, algorithms and advanced computer-aided tools to enhance water treatment systems. Modeling and simulation approaches embracing modelling of phenomena and simulation algorithm and methods that allow analyzing the response of systems, optimal system designs and operation. Manuscripts related to the above are welcomed to address the most challenging problems faced by the water industry today. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Water treatment powered by renewable energy
  • Water–energy nexus
  • Desalination systems
  • Urban and industrial wastewater treatment
  • Hybrid membrane processes for water treatment
  • Transport and process modelling in water treatment
  • Optimal operation of membrane processes for water treatment
  • Fouling and scaling in membrane processes for water treatment
  • Control of membrane processes in water treatment

Dr. Alejandro Rui García
Dr. Mudhar Al-Obaidi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • desalination
  • wastewater treatment
  • modelling and simulation
  • renewable energy sources
  • water–energy nexus
  • membranes process control optimization

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4045 KiB  
Article
The Role of the Gravitational Field in Generating Electric Potentials in a Double-Membrane System for Concentration Polarization Conditions
by Kornelia Batko, Izabella Ślęzak-Prochazka, Weronika Sokołowska, Małgorzata Rak, Wiktoria Płonka and Andrzej Ślęzak
Membranes 2023, 13(10), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13100833 - 17 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1164
Abstract
Electric potentials referred to as the gravielectric effect (∆ΨS) are generated in a double-membrane system containing identical polymer membranes set in horizontal planes and separating non-homogenous electrolyte solutions. The gravielectric effect depends on the concentration and composition of the [...] Read more.
Electric potentials referred to as the gravielectric effect (∆ΨS) are generated in a double-membrane system containing identical polymer membranes set in horizontal planes and separating non-homogenous electrolyte solutions. The gravielectric effect depends on the concentration and composition of the solutions and is formed due to the gravitational field breaking the symmetry of membrane complexes/concentration boundary layers formed under concentration polarization conditions. As a part of the Kedem–Katchalsky formalism, a model of ion transport was developed, containing the transport parameters of membranes and solutions and taking into account hydrodynamic (convective) instabilities. The transition from non-convective to convective or vice versa can be controlled by a dimensionless concentration polarization factor or concentration Rayleigh number. Using the original measuring set, the time dependence of the membrane potentials was investigated. For steady states, the ∆ΨS was calculated and then the concentration characteristics of this effect were determined for aqueous solutions of NaCl and ethanol. The results obtained from the calculations based on the mathematical model of the gravitational effect are consistent with the experimental results within a 7% error range. It has been shown that a positive or negative gravielectric effect appeared when a density of the solution in the inter-membrane compartment was higher or lower than the density in the outer compartments. The values of the ∆ΨS were in a range from 0 to 27 mV. It was found that, the lower the concentration of solutions in the outer compartments of the two-membrane system (C0), for the same values of Cm/C0, the higher the ∆ΨS, which indicates control properties of the double-membrane system. The considered two-membrane electrochemical system is a source of electromotive force and functions as an electrochemical gravireceptor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Application of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment 2.0)
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16 pages, 489 KiB  
Article
Impact of SWMM Fouling and Position on the Performance of SWRO Systems in Operating Conditions of Minimum SEC
by Alejandro Ruiz-García, Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi, Ignacio Nuez and Iqbal M. Mujtaba
Membranes 2023, 13(7), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070676 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945
Abstract
Due to water stress in the world in general desalination technologies are becoming increasingly important. Among the available technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) is the most widespread due to its reliability and efficiency compared to other technologies. The main weakness of RO is the [...] Read more.
Due to water stress in the world in general desalination technologies are becoming increasingly important. Among the available technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) is the most widespread due to its reliability and efficiency compared to other technologies. The main weakness of RO is the loss of performance due to membrane fouling, which usually affects the water permeability coefficient (A), causing it to decrease. In RO desalination plants, fouling does not affect all spiral wound membrane modules (SWMMs) in the pressure vessels (PVs) in the same way. This will depend on the type of fouling and the position of the SWMM inside the PV. In this study, the impact of A and the position of the SWMM on the performance of the RO system is analyzed. For this purpose, decrements of up to 50% have been assumed for the seven SWMMs in series considering nine commercial SWMM models. The operating point analyzed is that which minimizes the specific energy consumption (SEC), a point obtained in a previous work carried out by the authors. The results show how the impact of A on the SWMM in the first position is more significant than the impact on modules that are in another position for the nine SWRO models studied. A drop of 50% in the coefficient A of the first element produces a permeate loss in the pressure pipe between 0.67 and 1.35 m3 d−1. Furthermore, it was observed that the models with the lowest coefficient A exhibited the highest performance losses in terms of permeate production when A was decreased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Application of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment 2.0)
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Review

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18 pages, 627 KiB  
Review
A Review of Temperature Effects on Membrane Filtration
by Bochao Xu, Wa Gao, Baoqiang Liao, Hao Bai, Yuhang Qiao and Walter Turek
Membranes 2024, 14(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14010005 - 24 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
Membrane technology plays a vital role in drinking water and wastewater treatments. Among a number of factors affecting membrane performance, temperature is one of the dominant factors determining membrane performance. In this review, the impact of temperature on membrane structure, fouling, chemical cleaning, [...] Read more.
Membrane technology plays a vital role in drinking water and wastewater treatments. Among a number of factors affecting membrane performance, temperature is one of the dominant factors determining membrane performance. In this review, the impact of temperature on membrane structure, fouling, chemical cleaning, and membrane performance is reviewed and discussed with a particular focus on cold temperature effects. The findings from the literature suggest that cold temperatures have detrimental impacts on membrane structure, fouling, and chemical cleaning, and thus could negatively affect membrane filtration operations and performance, while warm and hot temperatures might expand membrane pores, increase membrane flux, improve membrane chemical cleaning efficiency, and interfere with biological processes in membrane bioreactors. The research gaps, challenges, and directions of temperature effects are identified and discussed indepth. Future studies focusing on the impact of temperature on membrane processes used in water and wastewater treatment and the development of methods that could reduce the adverse effect of temperature on membrane operations are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Application of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment 2.0)
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