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Membranes
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Research on Electrodialytic Processes
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Research on Electrodialytic Processes

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications for Water Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3522

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kayo Barros

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering (IEC Group, ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
Interests: wastewater treatment; water treatment; water and wastewater treatment; separation processes; separation technologies; electrodialysis; Donnan dialysis; ion exchange membrane; chronopotentiometry; electrochemical membrane evaluation; concentration polarization; electroconvection; water dissociation; water splitting; over-limiting ion transfer mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Valentín Pérez-Herranz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departmet of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering (IEC Group, ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
Interests: wastewater treatment; water treatment; water and wastewater treatment; separation processes; separation technologies; electrodialysis; donnan dialysis; ion-exchange membrane; chronopotentiometry; electrochemical membrane evaluation; concentration polarization; electroconvection; water dissociation; water splitting; overlimiting ion transfer mechanisms; cyclic voltammetry; electrodeposition; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrodialysis is a mature separation technique in which ions migrate through electromembranes that are selective to cations or anions. Due to its versatility, electrodialysis has become a multifunctional process that is applied in several fields, such as seawater desalination, the treatment of various industrial wastewaters, as well as the production of food, medicines, biopolymers, ultrapure water, acids, and alkali. The main advantages of electrodialytic processes include their ability to extract and recover valuable components and the fact that, in most situations, it is not necessary to add reagents to the solution for treatment. On the other hand, the costs of ion exchange membranes and energy consumption are relatively high, besides the maintenance to mitigate the negative effects caused by fouling phenomena. Therefore, to ensure the economical and technical viability of electrodialytic processes, it is crucial that studies are carried out in order to 1) develop new membranes that are more selective to certain types of ions and present lower electrical resistance and costs (monopolar, bipolar, mosaic, amphoteric, monovalent selective ones, etc.), 2) develop new spacer configurations to promote turbulence at the membranes and intensify the ion transfer rate, 3) propose new layouts that reduce the total resistance of the system, 4) evaluate methods to mitigate fouling occurrence and 5) membrane cleaning procedures that extend their lifespan, 6) evaluate the impact of over-limiting mechanisms on membranes and the practical viability of operating the separation processes at over-limiting current regimes, and 7) propose hybrid processes that overcome the limitations faced in each of the processes when operated separately, among other things. This Special Issue serves as a platform gathering all recent advances in the broad scope of electrodialytic processes: Articles, case studies, reviews, and communications are welcome and are held in high regard.

Dr. Kayo Santana Barros
Prof. Dr. Valentín Pérez-Herranz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrodialysis
  • electro-electrodialysis
  • electrodialysis with bipolar membrane
  • electrodialysis reversal
  • fouling
  • concentration polarization at electro membranes
  • electroconvection

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2651 KiB  
Article
Cationic/Anionic Poly(p-Phenylene Oxide) Membranes: Preparation and Electrodialysis Performance for Nickel Recovery from Industrial Effluents
by Fabrício Wilbert, Joana Farias Corte, Felipe Tiago do Nascimento, Vanusca Dalosto Jahno, Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues, Fabrício Celso, Salatiel W. da Silva and Andrea Moura Bernardes
Membranes 2024, 14(12), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14120268 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 477
Abstract
Electrodialysis (ED) has already been applied to recover nickel in galvanizing processes, allowing nickel recovery and the production of a treated effluent with demineralized water quality. However, the growth in ED use is still limited by the production and commercialization of ion-selective membranes, [...] Read more.
Electrodialysis (ED) has already been applied to recover nickel in galvanizing processes, allowing nickel recovery and the production of a treated effluent with demineralized water quality. However, the growth in ED use is still limited by the production and commercialization of ion-selective membranes, currently limited to a few large companies. Therefore, this paper presents the development of homogeneous cationic and anionic membranes made from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) for ED use. Cationic membranes were prepared by the sulfonation reaction of PPO under different experimental conditions (PPO:H2SO4 molar ratio and reaction time). Anionic membranes were prepared by the bromination reaction of PPO, followed by the amination reaction. The membranes were characterized for their chemical and electrochemical properties, including ion exchange capacity, conductivity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. The optimal conditions for cationic membrane sulfonation were achieved with a 1:4.4 PPO:H2SO4 molar ratio, and a reaction time of 0.5 h. For anionic membranes, the best results were obtained with bromination, with a PPO:NBS (N-Bromosuccinimide) molar ratio of 1:0.5, followed by 14 days of amination. Overall, 91.8% chloride, 90.9% sulfate, and 85.5% nickel ion extraction was achieved, highlighting PPO as a promising polymer for the development of anionic and cationic ion-selective membranes for ED. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Electrodialytic Processes)
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13 pages, 2140 KiB  
Article
On a Specific Method for Characterizing Ion Exchange Membranes to Assess Their Functionality in Salinity Gradient Power Generation Through Reverse Electrodialysis, Including the Effect of Temperature
by Etienne Brauns and Joost Helsen
Membranes 2024, 14(12), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14120255 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Salinity gradient power (SGP) by reverse electrodialysis is a promising method for converting SGP into electricity. Instead of the conventional approach of using seawater and freshwater, an alternative method involves using highly concentrated salt solutions (brines) alongside seawater or brackish water. Key factors [...] Read more.
Salinity gradient power (SGP) by reverse electrodialysis is a promising method for converting SGP into electricity. Instead of the conventional approach of using seawater and freshwater, an alternative method involves using highly concentrated salt solutions (brines) alongside seawater or brackish water. Key factors influencing SGP via reverse electrodialysis (SGP-RE) include the properties of ion exchange membranes, particularly their thickness. This paper outlines a practical experimental set-up that uses both a cation membrane (CM) and an anion membrane (AM). The system is configured with three compartments: two outer compartments filled with highly concentrated brine (HIGH) and a central compartment containing a lower concentration salt solution (LOW), akin to seawater. The compartments are separated by a CM on one side and an AM on the other. The ion transport rate from the HIGH compartments to the central LOW compartment allows for determining the overall ion transport coefficient for thin membranes. Measurements of ion flux and electrochemical voltage under dynamic equilibrium conditions also enable the estimation of the SGP-RE power density (W/m2). By controlling the temperature of the HIGH and LOW solutions, this experiment further investigates the significant impact of temperature on ion transport characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Electrodialytic Processes)
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16 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Theoretical Study of the Influence of Electroconvection on the Efficiency of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Modes in ED Desalination
by Victor Nikonenko, Aminat Uzdenova, Anna Kovalenko and Makhamet Urtenov
Membranes 2024, 14(11), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14110225 - 27 Oct 2024
Viewed by 776
Abstract
Pulsed electric field (PEF) modes of electrodialysis (ED) are known for their efficiency in mitigating the fouling of ion-exchange membranes. Many authors have also reported the possibility of increasing the mass transfer/desalination rate and reducing energy costs. In the literature, such possibilities were [...] Read more.
Pulsed electric field (PEF) modes of electrodialysis (ED) are known for their efficiency in mitigating the fouling of ion-exchange membranes. Many authors have also reported the possibility of increasing the mass transfer/desalination rate and reducing energy costs. In the literature, such possibilities were theoretically studied using 1D modeling, which, however, did not consider the effect of electroconvection. In this paper, the analysis of the ED desalination characteristics of PEF modes is carried out based on a 2D mathematical model including the Nernst–Planck–Poisson and Navier–Stokes equations. Three PEF modes are considered: galvanodynamic (pulses of constant electric current alternate with zero current pauses), potentiodynamic (pulses of constant voltage alternate with zero voltage pauses), and mixed galvanopotentiodynamic (pulses of constant voltage alternate with zero current pauses) modes. It is found that at overlimiting currents, in accordance with previous papers, in the range of relatively low frequencies, the mass transfer rate increases and the energy consumption decreases with increasing frequency. However, in the range of high frequencies, the tendency changes to the opposite. Thus, the best characteristics are obtained at a frequency close to 1 Hz. At higher frequencies, the pulse duration is too short, and electroconvective vortices, enhancing mass transfer, do not have time to develop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Electrodialytic Processes)
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22 pages, 2866 KiB  
Article
Targeted Anthocyanin Enrichment of Cranberry Juice by Electrodialysis with Filtration Membranes: Impact of Filtration Membrane Physicochemical Properties and Predictive Statistical Models
by Eva Revellat and Laurent Bazinet
Membranes 2024, 14(5), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14050111 - 14 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1238
Abstract
To optimize cranberry juice enrichment, correlation between physicochemical properties of filtration membranes (FM) and anthocyanin migration was investigated during electrodialysis with filtration membranes (EDFM) using redundancy (RDA) and multivariate regression (MRGA) analyses. Six polyether sulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with molecular [...] Read more.
To optimize cranberry juice enrichment, correlation between physicochemical properties of filtration membranes (FM) and anthocyanin migration was investigated during electrodialysis with filtration membranes (EDFM) using redundancy (RDA) and multivariate regression (MRGA) analyses. Six polyether sulfone (PES) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with molecular weight cut-offs between 150 and 500 kDa, commercially available at large scale, were characterized in terms of nine physicochemical characteristics and used for EDFM. The highest migration of total anthocyanin was obtained with PVDF 250 kDa, with a global migration rate of 3.5 ± 0.4 g/m2·h. RDA showed that two FM properties (mesopore porosity and hydrophilic porosity) were significantly negatively correlated to the anthocyanin’s migration and explained 67.4% of their total variation in migration. Predictive MRGA models were also developed for each anthocyanin based on these significant FM properties. A combination of intermolecular interactions may lead to binding in a cooperative and synergistic mode and hinder the anthocyanin migration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Electrodialytic Processes)
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