Trace Elements in Bauxite Deposits: Critical Georesource and Significant Indicators of Paleoenvironmental Conditions

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1566

Special Issue Editors


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Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: geochemistry; trace elements; mineralogy; rare earth elements; ore deposits; karst bauxites
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Guest Editor
Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
Interests: karst bauxites; rare earth elements and yttrium-bearing minerals; geochemistry; low-temperature ore deposits

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State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
Interests: karst bauxties; Li clay deposits; ore deposit geochemistry; metal stable isotope geochemistry

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Guest Editor
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
Interests: geochemistry; mineral chemistry; karst type bauxite; carbonate hosted Pb-Zn ore deposits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bauxite deposits are residual weathering products formed in tropical to subtropical climates and are related to several different rock types. Regardless of the source rock from which the bauxites were formed, the study of the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of bauxites is becoming increasingly widespread. In recent decades, the focus of bauxite studies has changed from their potential for aluminum to, more recently, their potential to include several trace elements. These trace elements, which are often enriched in bauxites, are considered a critical Georesource; they include Li, Ni, Co, V, Cr, Ga, Hf, Ta, Sc, Nb, Sr, Zr, and REEs. Since these elements are widely used in many technological and industrial sectors, European Union reports (2011, 2014, 2017, 2020) classify them as "critical raw materials." In recent years, new research has been focusing on the recovery of critical elements from bauxite waste, the so-called “red muds” which are generally enriched in trace elements.

Furthermore, the trace elements within bauxites are not only a Georesource but they can provide useful and interesting information about the genetic processes and paleoenvironmental conditions that led to the formation of these deposits. Among the trace elements, the distribution of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and their fractionation indices (such as LREE/HREE, La/Yb, Gd/Yb) are used to help define the genetic model of these residual sedimentary rocks.

This Special Issue welcomes all original studies of the geochemical characteristics of bauxites, especially trace elements. In addition, new approaches to data analysis such as artificial intelligence and novel machine learning are welcomed.

The Guest Editors hope that this Special Issue will attract works of great quality and interest.

Dr. Roberto Buccione
Dr. Farhad Ahmadnejad
Dr. Kunyue Ling
Dr. Batoul Taghipour
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bauxite geochemistry
  • bauxite trace elements
  • critical georesource
  • rare earth elements
  • genesis of bauxites
  • paleoenvironment of bauxite

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 6829 KiB  
Article
Matese Mts. and Caserta District Karst Bauxites (Campania Region, Southern Italy): Insights on Geochemistry, Paleoclimate, Paleoenvironment, and Parental Affinity
by Roberto Buccione and Giovanni Mongelli
Minerals 2024, 14(12), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121253 - 9 Dec 2024
Viewed by 590
Abstract
In the Campania region (Southern Italy), in the Matese Mts. (Albian to Turonian/Coniacian) and Caserta district (Albian to Cenomanian), two karst bauxite deposits outcrop, consisting of flat lenses over shallow karst carbonate. Although the mineralogy and geochemistry of Campania bauxite deposits have been [...] Read more.
In the Campania region (Southern Italy), in the Matese Mts. (Albian to Turonian/Coniacian) and Caserta district (Albian to Cenomanian), two karst bauxite deposits outcrop, consisting of flat lenses over shallow karst carbonate. Although the mineralogy and geochemistry of Campania bauxite deposits have been widely studied in recent years, new major and trace elements relationships were provided to highlight paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions that occurred during their formation. The purpose of this research is to provide for the first time information on the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions that affected the bauxites of Campania. These deposits formed during different periods since the Matese deposit formed during intense weathering processes with more abundant precipitation while the Caserta district deposit experienced a more long-lasting exposure event. During the formation of the studied bauxites, the drier conditions favored the replacement of kaolinite by boehmite. R-mode factor analysis showed geochemical affinity among Al2O3, TiO2, and Nb. REEs minerals are mainly associated with the bauxite matrix while Zr, Hf, and V were mainly concentrated in detrital minerals during the later stages of bauxitization. Parental affinity indices (Eu/Eu* vs. Sm/Nd; Eu/Eu* vs. TiO2/Al2O3) assessed the origin of the protolith of the Campania bauxites by rejecting the hypothesis of the dissolution of the bedrock carbonate. The results confirmed the eolian transport of parental material with an Upper Continental Crust and an intermediate to mafic magmatic composition. Full article
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