Advances in Resource Thermal Conversion and Carbothermal Reduction

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2023) | Viewed by 8597

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: the efficient recovery of valuable metal elements in failed lithium batteries; the catalytic pyrolysis of low-rank coal, and preparation and characterization of porous materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Low-rank coal pyrolysis is a clean and efficient technology used to change the method of coal conversion. Coal tar, as well as that produced from other coal pyrolysis technologies, usually has a high content of heavy components. Adopting catalysts is one of the promising techniques for upgrading tar under moderate conditions. Heavy tar can be captured via employing mesoporous and nanoscale materials, such as mesoporous alumina, pyrolytic char, and even iron-smelting slag. Considering these issues, as the core of catalytic cracking, the development of suitable catalysts to optimize the catalytic performance and selectivity of catalysts still needs further improvement. A big problem in the investigation of the mechanism of upgrading tar, carbon formation and the reduction reaction in carbon-infiltrated iron ores during the integrated pyrolysis of different carbon sources and tar decomposition or other catalytic beds is, therefore, the diversity and complexity of the pore structure and the composition of catalysts—specifically, whether carbon deposition occurs in the inner pores after volatiles infiltrate the catalytic beds or the tar is decomposed before the volatiles infiltrate the catalytic beds. Whether this results in the carbon deposition diffusing into the inner pores of the catalytic beds remains elusive and controversial.

This Special Issue is organized into four sections:

Section 1—New coal pyrolysis technology;

Section 2—Mechanism of catalytic pyrolysis and metal phase transition in catalyst;

Section 3—Chemical reactions involved in the coupling process of coal pyrolysis and tar decomposition;

Section 4—Carbothermal reduction reaction of natural ore as tar catalytic cracking bed.

Dr. Hongyu Zhao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • low rank coal, lignite, carbon nanomaterials
  • iron ore, metal oxide
  • catalytic pyrolysis, tar upgrading
  • resource thermal conversion
  • carbothermal reduction, carbon deposits

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3350 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Slag Viscosity Based on Machine Learning for Molten Gasification of Hazardous Wastes
by Changlun Li, Wenshuai Xi, Caihong Wang, Xiongchao Lin, Deping Xu and Yonggang Wang
Minerals 2022, 12(12), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121525 - 28 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1192
Abstract
Experimental data from viscosity measurements of 124 glassy slags were used to drive and develop machine learning models that could be used for direct or indirect viscosity prediction. Samples were categorized according to the content of chemical components or general competitive neural network. [...] Read more.
Experimental data from viscosity measurements of 124 glassy slags were used to drive and develop machine learning models that could be used for direct or indirect viscosity prediction. Samples were categorized according to the content of chemical components or general competitive neural network. The direct viscosity prediction using artificial neural network models of different kinds of slag samples was established. The prediction average error and maximum absolute error in the corresponding models were significantly smaller than the artificial neural network without categorizing the samples. Moreover, the viscosity curve for each glassy slag was fitted by a general formula, and the corresponding parameters were obtained. The principal component analysis (PCA)–particle swarm optimization (PSO)–back propagation (BP) neural network models for predicting parameters were proposed. This indirect approach was considered to successfully overcome the limitations of temperature and viscosity ranges in direct prediction while delivering smooth viscosity curves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Resource Thermal Conversion and Carbothermal Reduction)
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18 pages, 6684 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbon by Activation and Modification of Char Derived from Co-Pyrolysis of Lignite and Biomass and Its Adsorption of Heavy-Metal-Containing Wastewater
by Xiaofang Zhang, Yuhuan Li, Yang He, Debin Kong, Bern Klein, Shenghua Yin and Hongyu Zhao
Minerals 2022, 12(6), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12060665 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2926
Abstract
Adsorption with activated carbon (AC) is an important method for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater, but there are still certain challenges in the separation and reuse of activated carbon. The preparation of magnetic activated carbon (MAC) by modifying AC is one of [...] Read more.
Adsorption with activated carbon (AC) is an important method for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater, but there are still certain challenges in the separation and reuse of activated carbon. The preparation of magnetic activated carbon (MAC) by modifying AC is one of the effective means to realize the separation of AC from solution after the adsorption process. In this work, lignite and poplar leaves were used as raw materials for co-pyrolysis, and the co-pyrolysis char was activated and modified to prepare MAC. The structure and properties were characterized by VSM, N2 adsorption, SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. At the same time, the adsorption performance of MAC on wastewater containing Pb and Cd ions was studied. The results show that the prepared MAC contains Fe3O4, and the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the MAC is 13.83 emu/g; the specific surface area of the MAC is 805.86 m2/g, and the micropore volume is 0.23 cm3/g; the MAC exhibited a good porous structure. When the pH value of the solution was 5, the adsorption time was 120 min, the dosage of MAC was 4 g/L, the initial concentration of Pb ion solution was 50 mg/L, and that of Cd ion solution was 25 mg/L, and the adsorption temperature was 30 °C, the adsorption efficiency of Pb, Cd ions were 84.40 and 78.80%, respectively, and the adsorption capacities were 10.55 and 4.93 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of Pb and Cd ions by MAC conforms to the Langmuir adsorption model, which is a monolayer adsorption. The adsorption process is mainly chemical adsorption, which can be better described by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of Pb and Cd ions by MAC was a spontaneous reaction, and the higher the temperature, the stronger the spontaneity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Resource Thermal Conversion and Carbothermal Reduction)
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24 pages, 5267 KiB  
Article
The Use of Hydrogen as a Potential Reductant in the Chromite Smelting Industry
by Jamey Davies, Dogan Paktunc, José Juan Ramos-Hernandez, Merete Tangstad, Eli Ringdalen, Johan P. Beukes, Dmitri G. Bessarabov and Stephanus P. Du Preez
Minerals 2022, 12(5), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12050534 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3681
Abstract
The chromium (Cr) content of stainless steel originates from recycled scrap and/or ferrochrome (FeCr), which is mainly produced by the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. Ever-increasing pressure on FeCr producers to curtail carbon emissions justifies migration from traditional FeCr production routes. The interaction [...] Read more.
The chromium (Cr) content of stainless steel originates from recycled scrap and/or ferrochrome (FeCr), which is mainly produced by the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. Ever-increasing pressure on FeCr producers to curtail carbon emissions justifies migration from traditional FeCr production routes. The interaction between hydrogen and chromite only yields water, foregoing the generation of significant volumes of CO-rich off-gas during traditional smelting procedures. For this reason, the use of hydrogen as a chromite reductant is proposed. In addition to thermodynamic modelling, the influence of temperature, time, and particle size on the reduction of chromite by hydrogen was investigated. It was determined that, at the explored reduction parameters, the iron (Fe)-oxides presented in chromite could be metalized and subsequently removed by hot-acid leaching. The Cr-oxide constituency of chromite did not undergo appreciable metalization. However, the removal of Fe from the chromite spinel allowed the formation of eskolaite with the composition of (Cr1.4Al0.6)O3 in the form of an exsolved phase, which may adversely affect the reducibility of chromite. The study includes the limitations of incorporating hydrogen as a reductant into existing FeCr production infrastructure and proposes possible approaches and considerations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Resource Thermal Conversion and Carbothermal Reduction)
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