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Minerals
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Biogenic Iron and Manganese Minerals
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Biogenic Iron and Manganese Minerals

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 February 2021) | Viewed by 6552

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carolina N. Keim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: biomineralization and organomineralization; biogeochemical cycles of iron; manganese and trace elements; microbial mats and biofilms; magnetotactic microorganisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biogenic iron and manganese oxides are widespread and play several roles in the environment. They can be produced after Fe(II) and/or Mn(II,III) oxidation by bacteria, fungi, and algae, resulting in Fe(III) and/or Mn(IV), which readily precipitate onto extracellular polymers as Fe-oxy(hydro)xide and/or Mn-oxide nanoparticles. The small size implies large surface-to-volume ratios and high reactivity, which enhance trace elements adsorption. Mn oxides can lead to chemical degradation of large organic molecules such as fulvic and humic acids, influencing the fate of complex organics in the environment, including some persistent pollutants. In anaerobic environments, Fe(III) and Mn(IV) minerals can be easily reduced, either by dissimilatory Fe- and Mn-reducing bacteria, or by reduced microbial products like S2−. The result is Fe(II) and/or Mn(II), which can be either dissolved or precipitated in solid phases. Thus, biogenic iron and manganese biogenic minerals are the main players in the biogeochemical cycles of iron and manganese, as well as trace elements. Despite the environmental importance of biogenic iron and manganese oxides, knowledge in the field is fragmented. For this Special Issue, we welcome studies on all aspects of biogenic iron and manganese oxides, including crystallography, biomineralization, microbial and chemical dissolution, reactivity, adsorption and desorption of trace elements, and environmental roles. The aim is for this Special Issue to contribute to knowledge of biogenic iron and manganese oxides dynamics in the environment, as well as their effects on metals and nutrients biogeochemical cycles.

Dr. Carolina N. Keim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biogenic manganese oxides
  • manganese oxide biominerals
  • secondary manganese oxides
  • manganese nodules
  • manganese crusts

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 7449 KiB  
Article
Dissimilatory Iron-Reducing Microorganisms Are Present and Active in the Sediments of the Doce River and Tributaries Impacted by Iron Mine Tailings from the Collapsed Fundão Dam (Mariana, MG, Brazil)
by Carolina N. Keim, Jilder D. P. Serna, Daniel Acosta-Avalos, Reiner Neumann, Alex S. Silva, Diogo A. Jurelevicius, Raphael S. Pereira, Pamella M. de Souza, Lucy Seldin and Marcos Farina
Minerals 2021, 11(3), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030244 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2482
Abstract
On 5 November 2015, a large tailing deposit failed in Brazil, releasing an estimated 32.6 to 62 million m3 of iron mining tailings into the environment. Tailings from the Fundão Dam flowed down through the Gualaxo do Norte and Carmo riverbeds and [...] Read more.
On 5 November 2015, a large tailing deposit failed in Brazil, releasing an estimated 32.6 to 62 million m3 of iron mining tailings into the environment. Tailings from the Fundão Dam flowed down through the Gualaxo do Norte and Carmo riverbeds and floodplains and reached the Doce River. Since then, bottom sediments have become enriched in Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganisms (DIRMs) are anaerobes able to couple organic matter oxidation to Fe(III) reduction, producing CO2 and Fe(II), which can precipitate as magnetite (FeO·Fe2O3) and other Fe(II) minerals. In this work, we investigated the presence of DIRMs in affected and non-affected bottom sediments of the Gualaxo do Norte and Doce Rivers. The increase in Fe(II) concentrations in culture media over time indicated the presence of Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms in all sediments tested, which could reduce Fe(III) from both tailings and amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide. Half of our enrichment cultures converted amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide into magnetite, which was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The conversion of solid Fe(III) phases to soluble Fe(II) and/or magnetite is characteristic of DIRM cultures. The presence of DIRMs in the sediments of the Doce River and tributaries points to the possibility of reductive dissolution of goethite (α-FeOOH) and/or hematite (α-Fe2O3) from sediments, along with the consumption of organics, release of trace elements, and impairment of water quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biogenic Iron and Manganese Minerals)
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20 pages, 4894 KiB  
Article
Structure and Composition of Micro-Manganese Nodules in Deep-Sea Carbonate from the Zhaoshu Plateau, North of the South China Sea
by Hengchao Xu, Xiaotong Peng, Kaiwen Ta, Taoran Song, Mengran Du, Jiwei Li, Shun Chen and Zhiguo Qu
Minerals 2020, 10(11), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10111016 - 15 Nov 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3551
Abstract
The occurrence of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and crusts on the seafloor is widespread, providing an important resource for numerous metals such as Ni, Co, and Cu. Although they have been intensively studied in the past, the formation of micro-manganese nodules within carbonate rocks [...] Read more.
The occurrence of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and crusts on the seafloor is widespread, providing an important resource for numerous metals such as Ni, Co, and Cu. Although they have been intensively studied in the past, the formation of micro-manganese nodules within carbonate rocks has received less attention, despite the considerable amounts of manganese released from the dissolution of the calcareous framework. The micro-petrographic and geochemical characteristics of reef carbonate rocks recovered from the Zhaoshu plateau in the Xisha uplift, north of the South China Sea, were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, confocal Raman spectrometry, and an electron probe micro-analyzer. The carbonate rocks are composed of biogenic debris, including frameworks of coralline algae and chambers of foraminifer, both of which are suffering strong micritization. Within the calcite micrite, numerous micro-manganese nodules were identified with laminated patterns. Mineral and elemental evidence showed that the Mn oxides in the carbonates are mixed with 10 Å vernadite, 7 Å vernadite and todorokite, both of which are closely associated with the carbonate matrix. The micro-nodules were found to have high Mn/Fe ratios, enriched in Ni and Cu and depleted in Co. We infer that theses nodules are mixed type with early diagenetic growth under oxic–suboxic conditions. The re-distribution of manganite within the rocks is likely influenced by micritization of the calcareous framework. We deduce that microbial-associated reduction of manganite induces the formation of diagenetic todorokite similar to nodules buried in marine sediments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biogenic Iron and Manganese Minerals)
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