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Minerals
Special Issues
Role of the Clay Minerals in Construction and Building Materials
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Role of the Clay Minerals in Construction and Building Materials

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Clays and Engineered Mineral Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2021) | Viewed by 14107

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Slávka Andrejkovičová

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Geosciences Department, Geobiotec Research Unit, University of Aveiro, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: clays and clay minerals; mortars; geopolymers; industrial applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fernando Rocha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Geosciences Department, Geobiotec Research Unit, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: clays and clay minerals; industrial minerals in general and traditional building materials; medical geology; coastal and marine geology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural clays and clay minerals are used in various industrial and environmental applications due to their unique physico-chemical properties such as high cation exchange capacity and specific surface area and/or optimal morphological structure. This Special Issue will focus on utilization of clays and clay minerals as additives in construction and building materials such as cements, mortars and geopolymers to improve their characteristics, namely mechanical resistances, adhesion, adsorption properties towards industrial wastes etc. Clays and clay minerals should be preferably used in a natural state, although chemical or thermal treatments may be involved. Manuscripts related to the construction and building materials based just on metakaolin will be excluded. If using metakaolin as an additive or binder, other clay or clay mineral should be used in the system.

Dr. Slávka Andrejkovičová
Prof. Dr. Fernando Rocha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clays
  • clay minerals
  • cement
  • mortar
  • geopolymer

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7923 KiB  
Article
Combined Influence of Low-Grade Metakaolins and Natural Zeolite on Compressive Strength and Heavy Metal Adsorption of Geopolymers
by Alcina Johnson Sudagar, Slávka Andrejkovičová, Fernando Rocha, Carla Patinha, Maria R. Soares, Ana Luísa Velosa and Eduardo Ferreira da Silva
Minerals 2021, 11(5), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050486 - 1 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3195
Abstract
Metakaolins (MKs) prepared from low-grade kaolins located in the Alvarães (A) and Barqueiros (B) regions of Portugal were used as the aluminosilicate source to compare their effect on the compressive strength and heavy metal adsorption of geopolymers. Natural zeolite, an inexpensive, efficient adsorbent, [...] Read more.
Metakaolins (MKs) prepared from low-grade kaolins located in the Alvarães (A) and Barqueiros (B) regions of Portugal were used as the aluminosilicate source to compare their effect on the compressive strength and heavy metal adsorption of geopolymers. Natural zeolite, an inexpensive, efficient adsorbent, was used as an additive in formulations to enhance geopolymers’ adsorption capacities and reduce MK utilization’s environmental footprint. Geopolymers were synthesized with the replacement of MK by zeolite up to 75 wt.% (A25, B25—25% MK 75% zeolite; A50, B50—50% MK 50% zeolite; A75, B75—75% MK 25% zeolite; A100, B100—100% MK). The molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 were kept at 1 to reduce the sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide environmental impact. Geopolymers’ crystallography was identified using X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy to understand the effect of zeolite incorporation. Chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy yielded information about the geopolymers’ Si/Al ratio. Compressive strength values of geopolymers obtained after 1, 14, and 28 days of curing indicate high strengths of geopolymers with 100% MK (A100—15.4 MPa; B100—32.46 MPa). Therefore, zeolite did not aid in the improvement of the compressive strength of both MK-based geopolymers. The heavy metal (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) adsorption tests exhibit relatively higher adsorption capacities of Barqueiros MK-based geopolymers for all the heavy metals except Cd2+. Moreover, zeolite positively influenced divalent cations’ adsorption on the geopolymers produced from Barqueiros MK as B75 exhibits the highest adsorption capacities, but such an influence is not observed for Alvarães MK-based geopolymers. The general trend of adsorption of the heavy metals of both MK-based geopolymers is Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cr3+ when fitted by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The MK and zeolite characteristics influence geopolymers’ structure, strength, and adsorption capacities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of the Clay Minerals in Construction and Building Materials)
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20 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Design of Concrete Made with Recycled Brick Waste and Its Environmental Performance
by Ivan Janotka, Pavel Martauz and Michal Bačuvčík
Minerals 2021, 11(5), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050463 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3157
Abstract
In addition to the known uses of natural clays, less publication attention has been paid to clays returned to the production process. Industrially recovered natural clays such as bricks, tiles, sanitary ceramics, ceramic roofing tiles, etc., are applicable in building materials based on [...] Read more.
In addition to the known uses of natural clays, less publication attention has been paid to clays returned to the production process. Industrially recovered natural clays such as bricks, tiles, sanitary ceramics, ceramic roofing tiles, etc., are applicable in building materials based on concrete as an artificial recycled aggregate or as a pozzolanic type II addition. In this way, the building products with higher added value are obtained from the originally landfilled waste. This paper details the research process of introducing concrete with recycled brick waste (RBW) up to the application output. The emphasis is placed on using a RBW brash as a partial replacement for natural aggregates and evaluating an RBW powder as a type II addition for use in concrete. A set of the results for an RBW is reported by the following: (a) an artificial RBW fine aggregate meets the required standardized parameters for use in industrially made concrete, (b) a RBW powder is suitable for use in concrete as industrially made type II addition TERRAMENT showing the same pozzolanic reactivity as a well-known and broadly used pozzolan-fly ash, and (c) such an RBW as aggregate and as powder are, therefore, suitable for the production of industrially made TRITECH Eco-designed ready-mixed concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of the Clay Minerals in Construction and Building Materials)
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Review

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22 pages, 2376 KiB  
Review
Using Calcined Marls as Non-Common Supplementary Cementitious Materials—A Critical Review
by Abdelmoujib Bahhou, Yassine Taha, Yassine El Khessaimi, Rachid Hakkou, Arezki Tagnit-Hamou and Mostafa Benzaazoua
Minerals 2021, 11(5), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11050517 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6040
Abstract
This review summarizes the major research and scientific findings on the relevance of using calcined marl as supplementary cementitious material in developing eco-friendly cement for the next generation. Incorporation of calcined marl into cement can result in changes in the properties of these [...] Read more.
This review summarizes the major research and scientific findings on the relevance of using calcined marl as supplementary cementitious material in developing eco-friendly cement for the next generation. Incorporation of calcined marl into cement can result in changes in the properties of these binders, and thus compatibility with other additions could be potential challenging, particularly at higher replacement ratios. From the reviewed literature, a detailed investigation on the characterization of calcined marls, activation methods, influencing parameters, along with studies on the hydration and microstructure was discussed, the overall objective aimed at coming up with the optimal physical and chemical parameters to generate highly reactive marl. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of the Clay Minerals in Construction and Building Materials)
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