Harvesting Electromagnetic Fields with Nanomaterials from Microwaves to Ultraviolet

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2024 | Viewed by 1045

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnology (IMT), Str. Erou Iancu Nicolae 126A, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
Interests: electromagnetic energy harvesting; 2D materials; nanoscale ferroelectrics
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Guest Editor
National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT-Bucharest), Voluntari (Ilfov), Romania
Interests: electromagnetic energy harvesting; 2D materials; nanoscale ferroelectric

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to showcasing the implications of nanomaterials in harvesting electromagnetic waves in various ranges, i.e., from microwaves to ultraviolet waves. Depending on the electromagnetic bandwidth, there is a wealth of nanomaterials that can be used to accomplish this target, e.g., oxides and ferroelectrics with a thickness of a few nanometers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and molybdenum disulphide, as well as many other 2D materials thanks to their unique physical properties. In the future, these tiny objects could produce a revolution in the harvesting of energy originating from the ambient electromagnetic fields which surround us, namely the Sun, heat, or the Earth itself. Therefore, this Special Issue is of great importance, and your contributions are expected to showcase the state of the art of this field.

Prof. Dr. Mircea Dragoman
Dr. Martino Aldrigo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microwave harvesters up to 100 GHz
  • IR harvesters
  • visible and ultraviolet harvesters

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3765 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Thermoelectric Nanoantenna for Massive High-Output-Voltage Arrays
by Mohamad Khoirul Anam, Yudhistira Yudhistira and Sangjo Choi
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(13), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131159 - 7 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Thermoelectric nanoantennas have been extensively investigated due to their ability to directly convert infrared (IR) radiation into direct current without an additional rectification device. In this study, we introduce a thermoelectric nanoantenna geometry for maximum output voltage (Voc) and propose [...] Read more.
Thermoelectric nanoantennas have been extensively investigated due to their ability to directly convert infrared (IR) radiation into direct current without an additional rectification device. In this study, we introduce a thermoelectric nanoantenna geometry for maximum output voltage (Voc) and propose an optimal series array configuration with a finite number of antennas to enhance the Voc. A finite and open-ended SiO2 substrate, with a thickness of a quarter-effective wavelength at a frequency of 28.3 THz, is used to generate standing waves within the substrate. An array of antennas is then positioned optimally on the substrate to maximize the temperature difference (T) between hot and cold areas, thereby increasing the average Voc per antenna element. In numerical simulations, a linearly polarized incident wave with a power density of 1.42 W/cm2 is applied to the structure. The results show that a single antenna with the optimum geometry on a substrate measuring 35 µm × 35 µm generates a T of 64.89 mK, corresponding to a Voc of 1.75 µV. Finally, a series array of 5 × 6 thermoelectric nanoantennas on a 150 µm × 75 µm substrate including measurement pads achieves an average T of 49.60 mK with a total Voc of 40.18 µV, resulting in an average Voc of 1.34 µV per antenna element and a voltage responsivity (βv) of 0.77 V/W. This value, achieved solely by optimizing the antenna geometry and open-ended substrate, matches or exceeds the Voc and βv of approximately 1 µV and 0.66 V/W, respectively, from suspended thermoelectric antenna arrays over air cavities. Therefore, the proposed thermoelectric nanoantenna array device, characterized by high stability and ease of fabrication, is suitable for manufacturing massive nanoantenna arrays for high-output IR-DC energy harvesters. Full article
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11 pages, 5571 KiB  
Article
Quantum Graphene Asymmetric Devices for Harvesting Electromagnetic Energy
by Mircea Dragoman, Adrian Dinescu, Martino Aldrigo and Daniela Dragoman
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(13), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131114 - 28 Jun 2024
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Abstract
We present here the fabrication at the wafer level and the electrical performance of two types of graphene diodes: ballistic trapezoidal-shaped graphene diodes and lateral tunneling graphene diodes. In the case of the ballistic trapezoidal-shaped graphene diode, we observe a large DC current [...] Read more.
We present here the fabrication at the wafer level and the electrical performance of two types of graphene diodes: ballistic trapezoidal-shaped graphene diodes and lateral tunneling graphene diodes. In the case of the ballistic trapezoidal-shaped graphene diode, we observe a large DC current of 200 µA at a DC bias voltage of ±2 V and a large voltage responsivity of 2000 v/w, while in the case of the lateral tunneling graphene diodes, we obtain a DC current of 1.5 mA at a DC bias voltage of ±2 V, with a voltage responsivity of 3000 v/w. An extended analysis of the defects produced during the fabrication process and their influences on the graphene diode performance is also presented. Full article
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