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Nanomaterials
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy and Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 18524

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Huaihe Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: carbon materials: preparation, structural design, modification and applications, especially in energy conversion and Storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The depletion of fossil fuels and tons of CO2 released from its combustion have stimulated the development of environmentally friendly electrical vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar). Both EVs and renewable energy applications highly depend on advanced energy storage and conversion techniques. Lithium-ion batteries are considered to be the most promising choice because of their light weight, long life span, and high energy density. Electrochemical supercapacitors possess the advantages of high-power density and long cycle stability. In these energy storage devices, carbon materials play crucial roles as electrode materials, conductive agents, etc. Compared to traditional carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black, carbon nanomaterials including fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene possess special morphologies, unique structures, and promising physical, chemical, and electrical properties. Numerous studies have focused on the synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials, as well as their possible applications in energy conversion and storage. Considerable efforts have been made to utilize carbon nanomaterials, and great progress has been achieved in developing high-performance energy conversion and storage devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors).

The aim of this Special Issue of Nanomaterials is to discuss the use of carbon nanomaterials in electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. We invite researchers to submit their original results on relevant topics, such as the design, preparation, and modification of carbon nanomaterials, electrochemical behavior, and energy storage mechanisms of carbon nanomaterials.

Prof. Dr. Huaihe Song
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 2D Carbon Nanomaterials including Graphene, Graphene oxide and Graphene Nanosheets
  • 1D Carbon Nanomaterials including Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers
  • 0D Carbon Nanomaterials including Fullerene, Carbon Quantum Dots and Carbon Nanoparticles
  • Lithium-ion Batteries
  • Supercapacitors
  • Sodium-ion Batteries

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5066 KiB  
Article
Coupling of Mn2O3 with Heteroatom-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels with Improved Electrochemical Performances for Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Nor Fazila Mahamad Yusoff, Nurul Hayati Idris, Muhamad Faiz Md Din, Siti Rohana Majid, Noor Aniza Harun and Lukman Noerochim
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13040732 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1836
Abstract
Currently, efforts to address the energy needs of large-scale power applications have expedited the development of sodium–ion (Na–ion) batteries. Transition-metal oxides, including Mn2O3, are promising for low-cost, eco-friendly energy storage/conversion. Due to its high theoretical capacity, Mn2O [...] Read more.
Currently, efforts to address the energy needs of large-scale power applications have expedited the development of sodium–ion (Na–ion) batteries. Transition-metal oxides, including Mn2O3, are promising for low-cost, eco-friendly energy storage/conversion. Due to its high theoretical capacity, Mn2O3 is worth exploring as an anode material for Na-ion batteries; however, its actual application is constrained by low electrical conductivity and capacity fading. Herein, we attempt to overcome the problems related to Mn2O3 with heteroatom-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels synthesised via the hydrothermal method with a subsequent freeze-drying process. The cubic Mn2O3 particles with an average size of 0.5–1.5 µm are distributed to both sides of heteroatom-doped rGO aerogels layers. Results indicate that heteroatom-doped rGO aerogels may serve as an efficient ion transport channel for electrolyte ion transport in Mn2O3. After 100 cycles, the electrodes retained their capacities of 242, 325, and 277 mAh g−1, for Mn2O3/rGO, Mn2O3/nitrogen-rGO, and Mn2O3/nitrogen, sulphur-rGO aerogels, respectively. Doping Mn2O3 with heteroatom-doped rGO aerogels increased its electrical conductivity and buffered volume change during charge/discharge, resulting in high capacity and stable cycling performance. The synergistic effects of heteroatom doping and the three-dimensional porous structure network of rGO aerogels are responsible for their excellent electrochemical performances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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13 pages, 5241 KiB  
Article
Bimetallic MOFs-Derived Hollow Carbon Spheres Assembled by Sheets for Sodium-Ion Batteries
by Hui Yang, Ang Li, Chunli Zhou, Xuewei Liu, Xiaohong Chen, Haiyan Liu, Tao Liu and Huaihe Song
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3926; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213926 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1792
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention as precursors for the preparation of carbon-based materials due to their highly controllable composition, structure, and pore size distribution. However, there are few reports of MOFs using p-phenylenediamine (pPD) as the organic ligand. In this work, [...] Read more.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention as precursors for the preparation of carbon-based materials due to their highly controllable composition, structure, and pore size distribution. However, there are few reports of MOFs using p-phenylenediamine (pPD) as the organic ligand. In this work, we report the preparation of a bimetallic MOF (CoCu-pPD) with pPD as the organic ligand, and its derived hollow carbon spheres (BMHCS). CoCu-pPD exhibits a hollow spherical structure assembled by nanosheets. BMHCS inherits the unique hollow spherical structure of CoCu-pPD, which also shows a large specific surface area and heteroatom doping. When using as the anode of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), BMHCS exhibits excellent cycling stability (the capacity of 306 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 and the capacity retention rate of 90%) and rate capability (the sodium storage capacity of 240 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1). This work not only provides a strategy for the preparation of pPD-based bimetallic-MOFs, but also enhances the thermal stability of the pPD-based MOFs. In addition, this work also offers a new case for the morphology control of assembled carbon materials and has achieved excellent performance in the field of SIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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10 pages, 2303 KiB  
Article
No Evidence of Benefits of Host Nano-Carbon Materials for Practical Lithium Anode-Free Cells
by Bingxin Zhou, Baizeng Fang, Ivan Stoševski, Arman Bonakdarpour and David P. Wilkinson
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(9), 1413; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091413 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1730
Abstract
Nano-carbon-based materials are widely reported as lithium host materials in lithium metal batteries (LMBs); however, researchers report contradictory claims as to where the lithium plating occurs. Herein, the use of pure hollow core-carbon spheres coated on Cu (PHCCSs@Cu) to study the lithium deposition [...] Read more.
Nano-carbon-based materials are widely reported as lithium host materials in lithium metal batteries (LMBs); however, researchers report contradictory claims as to where the lithium plating occurs. Herein, the use of pure hollow core-carbon spheres coated on Cu (PHCCSs@Cu) to study the lithium deposition behavior with respect to this type of structure in lithium anode-free cells is described. It is demonstrated that the lithium showed some initial and limited intercalation into the PHCCSs and then plated on the external carbon walls and the top surface of the carbon coating during the charging process. The unfavorable deposition of lithium inside the PHCCSs is discussed from the viewpoint of lithium-ion transport and lithium nucleation. The application potential of PHCCSs and the data from these LMB studies are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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10 pages, 3208 KiB  
Article
Coaxial Electrospinning Construction Si@C Core–Shell Nanofibers for Advanced Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Li Zeng, Hongxue Xi, Xingang Liu and Chuhong Zhang
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(12), 3454; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123454 - 20 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3471
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is expected to be a high-energy anode for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change along with the severe capacity degradation during the cycling process is still a barrier for its practical application. Herein, we successfully [...] Read more.
Silicon (Si) is expected to be a high-energy anode for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change along with the severe capacity degradation during the cycling process is still a barrier for its practical application. Herein, we successfully construct flexible silicon/carbon nanofibers with a core–shell structure via a facile coaxial electrospinning technique. The resultant Si@C nanofibers (Si@C NFs) are composed of a hard carbon shell and the Si-embedded amorphous carbon core framework demonstrates an initial reversible capacity of 1162.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 with a retained capacity of 762.0 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. In addition, flexible LIBs assembled with Si@C NFs were hardly impacted under an extreme bending state, illustrating excellent electrochemical performance. The impressive performances are attributed to the high electric conductivity and structural stability of the porous carbon fibers with a hierarchical porous structure, indicating that the novel Si@C NFs fabricated using this electrospinning technique have great potential for advanced flexible energy storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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11 pages, 4179 KiB  
Article
Hierarchically Porous, Laser-Pyrolyzed Carbon Electrode from Black Photoresist for On-Chip Microsupercapacitors
by Soongeun Kwon, Hak-Jong Choi, Hyung Cheoul Shim, Yeoheung Yoon, Junhyoung Ahn, Hyungjun Lim, Geehong Kim, Kee-Bong Choi and JaeJong Lee
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2828; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112828 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
We report a laser-pyrolyzed carbon (LPC) electrode prepared from a black photoresist for an on-chip microsupercapacitor (MSC). An interdigitated LPC electrode was fabricated by direct laser writing using a high-power carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to simultaneously carbonize and pattern a spin-coated [...] Read more.
We report a laser-pyrolyzed carbon (LPC) electrode prepared from a black photoresist for an on-chip microsupercapacitor (MSC). An interdigitated LPC electrode was fabricated by direct laser writing using a high-power carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to simultaneously carbonize and pattern a spin-coated black SU-8 film. Due to the high absorption of carbon blacks in black SU-8, the laser-irradiated SU-8 surface was directly exfoliated and carbonized by a fast photo-thermal reaction. Facile laser pyrolysis of black SU-8 provides a hierarchically macroporous, graphitic carbon structure with fewer defects (ID/IG = 0.19). The experimental conditions of CO2 direct laser writing were optimized to fabricate high-quality LPCs for MSC electrodes with low sheet resistance and good porosity. A typical MSC based on an LPC electrode showed a large areal capacitance of 1.26 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, outperforming most MSCs based on thermally pyrolyzed carbon. In addition, the results revealed that the high-resolution electrode pattern in the same footprint as that of the LPC-MSCs significantly affected the rate performance of the MSCs. Consequently, the proposed laser pyrolysis technique using black SU-8 provided simple and facile fabrication of porous, graphitic carbon electrodes for high-performance on-chip MSCs without high-temperature thermal pyrolysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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Review

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30 pages, 7368 KiB  
Review
A Review of Cobalt-Containing Nanomaterials, Carbon Nanomaterials and Their Composites in Preparation Methods and Application
by Hongfeng Chen, Wei Wang, Lin Yang, Liang Dong, Dechen Wang, Xinkai Xu, Dijia Wang, Jingchun Huang, Mengge Lv and Haiwang Wang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(12), 2042; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122042 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2988
Abstract
With the increasing demand for sustainable and green energy, electric energy storage technologies have received enough attention and extensive research. Among them, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used because of their excellent performance, but in practical applications, the electrochemical performance of electrode materials [...] Read more.
With the increasing demand for sustainable and green energy, electric energy storage technologies have received enough attention and extensive research. Among them, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used because of their excellent performance, but in practical applications, the electrochemical performance of electrode materials is not satisfactory. Carbon-based materials with high chemical stability, strong conductivity, high specific surface area, and good capacity retention are traditional anode materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, while cobalt-based nano-materials have been widely used in LIBs anodes because of their high theoretical specific capacity. This paper gives a systematic summary of the state of research of cobalt-containing nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, and their composites in LIBs anodes. Moreover, the preparation methods of electrode materials and measures to improve electrochemical performance are also summarized. The electrochemical performance of anode materials can be significantly improved by compounding carbon nanomaterials with cobalt nanomaterials. Composite materials have better electrical conductivity, as well as higher cycle ability and reversibility than single materials, and the synergistic effect between them can explain this phenomenon. In addition, the electrochemical performance of materials can be significantly improved by adjusting the microstructure of materials (especially preparing them into porous structures). Among the different microscopic morphologies of materials, porous structure can provide more positions for chimerism of lithium ions, shorten the diffusion distance between electrons and ions, and thus promote the transfer of lithium ions and the diffusion of electrolytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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15 pages, 1825 KiB  
Review
Langmuir–Blodgett Graphene-Based Films for Algal Biophotovoltaic Fuel Cells
by Vengadesh Periasamy, Muhammad Musoddiq Jaafar, Karthikeyan Chandrasekaran, Sara Talebi, Fong Lee Ng, Siew Moi Phang, Georgepeter Gnana kumar and Mitsumasa Iwamoto
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(5), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050840 - 2 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3620
Abstract
The prevalence of photosynthesis, as the major natural solar energy transduction mechanism or biophotovoltaics (BPV), has always intrigued mankind. Over the last decades, we have learned to extract this renewable energy through continuously improving solid-state semiconductive devices, such as the photovoltaic solar cell. [...] Read more.
The prevalence of photosynthesis, as the major natural solar energy transduction mechanism or biophotovoltaics (BPV), has always intrigued mankind. Over the last decades, we have learned to extract this renewable energy through continuously improving solid-state semiconductive devices, such as the photovoltaic solar cell. Direct utilization of plant-based BPVs has, however, been almost impracticable so far. Nevertheless, the electrochemical platform of fuel cells (FCs) relying on redox potentials of algae suspensions or biofilms on functionalized anode materials has in recent years increasingly been demonstrated to produce clean or carbon-negative electrical power generators. Interestingly, these algal BPVs offer unparalleled advantages, including carbon sequestration, bioremediation and biomass harvesting, while producing electricity. The development of high performance and durable BPVs is dependent on upgraded anode materials with electrochemically dynamic nanostructures. However, the current challenges in the optimization of anode materials remain significant barriers towards the development of commercially viable technology. In this context, two-dimensional (2D) graphene-based carbonaceous material has widely been exploited in such FCs due to its flexible surface functionalization properties. Attempts to economically improve power outputs have, however, been futile owing to molecular scale disorders that limit efficient charge coupling for maximum power generation within the anodic films. Recently, Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film has been substantiated as an efficacious film-forming technique to tackle the above limitations of algal BPVs; however, the aforesaid technology remains vastly untapped in BPVs. An in-depth electromechanistic view of the fabrication of LB films and their electron transference mechanisms is of huge significance for the scalability of BPVs. However, an inclusive review of LB films applicable to BPVs has yet to be undertaken, prohibiting futuristic applications. Consequently, we report an inclusive description of a contextual outline, functional principles, the LB film-formation mechanism, recent endeavors in developing LB films and acute encounters with prevailing BPV anode materials. Furthermore, the research and scale-up challenges relating to LB film-integrated BPVs are presented along with innovative perceptions of how to improve their practicability in scale-up processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage)
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