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Nanomaterials
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Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Nanomaterials Science
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Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Nanomaterials Science

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 4368

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rahul Rao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, USA
Interests: synthesis and optical spectroscopy (Raman, photoluminescence and FT-IR) of nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive and non-invasive characterization method that measures vibrational modes in materials. Due to its ease of use and the wealth of information obtained, it has become one of the most popular characterization methods in nanomaterials science. With advances in instrumentation capabilities, researchers are pushing the boundaries on Raman spectroscopic techniques.This Special Issue is aimed at highlighting some of these advances, and we invite authors to present original research and review articles on the the current state-of-the-art in Raman spectroscopic measurements on nanomaterials.

 

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy;
  2. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS);
  3. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS);
  4. Measurement of defects/disorder in nanomaterials;
  5. In situ and operando Raman spectroscopy;
  6. Raman spectroscopy under pressure, different temperatures, and electric and magnetic fields.

 

Dr. Rahul Rao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Raman spectroscopy
  • SERS
  • in situ
  • operando
  • defects
  • TERS

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4439 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional ZnO: Ga@ITO@Ag SERS-Active Substrate for Sensitive and Repeatable Detectability
by Tung-Hao Chang, Yun-Ting Liu, Yu-Cheng Chang and An-Ya Lo
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010163 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1600
Abstract
Vertically aligned ZnO: Ga nanotowers can be directly synthesized on a glass substrate with a ZnO seed film via the chemical bath method. A novel heterostructure of ZnO: Ga@ITO@Ag nanotowers was subsequently deposited in the ITO layer and Ag nanoparticles via the facile [...] Read more.
Vertically aligned ZnO: Ga nanotowers can be directly synthesized on a glass substrate with a ZnO seed film via the chemical bath method. A novel heterostructure of ZnO: Ga@ITO@Ag nanotowers was subsequently deposited in the ITO layer and Ag nanoparticles via the facile two-step ion-sputtering processes on the ZnO: Ga nanotowers. The appropriate ion-sputtering times of the ITO layer and Ag nanoparticles can benefit the fabrication of ZnO: Ga@ITO@Ag nanotowers with higher surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement in detecting rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules. Compared with ZnO: Ga@Ag nanotowers, ZnO: Ga@ITO@Ag nanotowers exhibited a high SERS enhancement factor of 2.25 × 108 and a lower detection limit (10−14 M) for detecting R6G molecules. In addition, the ITO layer used as an intermediate layer between ZnO: Ga nanotowers and Ag nanoparticles can improve SERS enhancement, sensitivity, uniformity, reusability, detection limit, and stability for detecting amoxicillin molecules. This phenomenon shall be ascribed to the ITO layer exhibiting a synergistic Raman enhancement effect through interfacial charge transfer for enhancing SERS activity. As a result, ZnO: Ga@ITO@Ag nanotowers can construct a three-dimensional SERS substrate for potential applications in environmentally friendly and cost-effective chemical or drug detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Nanomaterials Science)
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17 pages, 2187 KiB  
Article
Raman Study of the Diamond to Graphite Transition Induced by the Single Femtosecond Laser Pulse on the (111) Face
by Andrey A. Khomich, Vitali Kononenko, Oleg Kudryavtsev, Evgeny Zavedeev and Alexander V. Khomich
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010162 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1856
Abstract
The use of the ultrafast pulse is the current trend in laser processing many materials, including diamonds. Recently, the orientation of the irradiated crystal face was shown to play a crucial role in the diamond to graphite transition process. Here, we develop this [...] Read more.
The use of the ultrafast pulse is the current trend in laser processing many materials, including diamonds. Recently, the orientation of the irradiated crystal face was shown to play a crucial role in the diamond to graphite transition process. Here, we develop this approach and explore the nanostructure of the sp2 phase, and the structural perfection of the graphite produced. The single pulse of the third harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser (100 fs, 266 nm) was used to study the process of producing highly oriented graphite (HOG) layers on the (111) surface of a diamond monocrystal. The laser fluence dependence on ablated crater depth was analyzed, and three different regimes of laser-induced diamond graphitization are discussed, namely: nonablative graphitization, customary ablative graphitization, and bulk graphitization. The structure of the graphitized material was investigated by confocal Raman spectroscopy. A clear correlation was found between laser ablation regimes and sp2 phase structure. The main types of structural defects that disrupt the HOG formation both at low and high laser fluencies were determined by Raman spectroscopy. The patterns revealed give optimal laser fluence for the production of perfect graphite spots on the diamond surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Nanomaterials Science)
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11 pages, 2561 KiB  
Article
Raman Spectroscopy and Thermoelectric Characterization of Composite Thin Films of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals Embedded in a Conductive Polymer PEDOT:PSS
by Yevhenii Havryliuk, Volodymyr Dzhagan, Anatolii Karnaukhov, Oleksandr Selyshchev, Julia Hann and Dietrich R. T. Zahn
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13010041 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2414
Abstract
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an intensively studied potential solar cell absorber and a promising thermoelectric (TE) material. In the form of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs), it is very convenient to form thin films on various substrates. Here, we investigate composites of CZTS [...] Read more.
Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an intensively studied potential solar cell absorber and a promising thermoelectric (TE) material. In the form of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs), it is very convenient to form thin films on various substrates. Here, we investigate composites of CZTS NCs with PEDOT:PSS, a widely used photovoltaics polymer. We focus on the investigation of the structural stability of both NCs and polymers in composite thin films with different NC-to-polymer ratios. We studied both pristine films and those subjected to flash lamp annealing (FLA) or laser irradiation with various power densities. Raman spectroscopy was used as the main characterization technique because the vibrational modes of CZTS NCs and the polymer can be acquired in one spectrum and thus allow the properties of both parts of the composite to be monitored simultaneously. We found that CZTS NCs and PEDOT:PSS mutually influence each other in the composite. The thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS/CZTS composite films were found to be higher compared to the films consisting of bare materials, and they can be further improved by adding DMSO. However, the presence of NCs in the polymer deteriorates its structural stability when subjected to FLA or laser treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Nanomaterials Science)
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Review

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19 pages, 3375 KiB  
Review
Beyond the Visible: A Review of Ultraviolet Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Compositions, Morphologies, and Performance
by Andrea N. Giordano and Rahul Rao
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(15), 2177; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13152177 - 26 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1315
Abstract
The first observation of ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman scattering (UV-SERS) was 20 years ago, yet the field has seen a slower development pace than its visible and near-infrared counterparts. UV excitation for SERS offers many potential advantages. These advantages include increased scattering intensity, higher [...] Read more.
The first observation of ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman scattering (UV-SERS) was 20 years ago, yet the field has seen a slower development pace than its visible and near-infrared counterparts. UV excitation for SERS offers many potential advantages. These advantages include increased scattering intensity, higher spatial resolution, resonance Raman enhancement from organic, biological, and semiconductor analytes, probing UV photoluminescence, and mitigating visible photoluminescence from analytes or substrates. One of the main challenges is the lack of readily accessible, effective, and reproducible UV-SERS substrates, with few commercial sources available. In this review, we evaluate the reported UV-SERS substrates in terms of their elemental composition, substrate morphology, and performance. We assess the best-performing substrates with regard to their enhancement factors and limits of detection in both the ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet regions. Even though aluminum nanostructures were the most reported and best-performing substrates, we also highlighted some unique UV-SERS composition and morphology substrate combinations. We address the challenges and potential opportunities in the field of UV-SERS, especially in relation to the development of commercially available, cost-effective substrates. Lastly, we discuss potential application areas for UV-SERS, including cost-effective detection of environmentally and militarily relevant analytes, in situ and operando experimentation, defect engineering, development of materials for extreme environments, and biosensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Nanomaterials Science)
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