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Nanomaterials
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Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact
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Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2023) | Viewed by 17805

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Javier Jiménez-Lamana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM), Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, 64053 Pau, France
Interests: nanotechnology; environmental chemistry; analytical chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The widespread use of nanomaterials has led to the ubiquitous presence of nanoparticles in a number of consumer products and in all environmental compartments (such as water, air or soil). As a consequence of this deliberate or accidental nanoparticle release, the potential adverse effects on biological organisms (including human beings) and the potential final environmental impacts cannot be ignored. A reliable risk assessment of these emerging contaminants is necessary for the sake of regulatory purposes. In parallel, the development of new analytical methods able to provide the necessary information (size and concentration) in real environmental samples at very low concentrations is required.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials welcomes contributions devoted to elucidating the toxicity and environmental impact of any kind of nanoparticles, as well as to present the most recent advances concerning the analysis of nanoparticles in different environmental compartments.

Dr. Javier Jiménez-Lamana
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • nanomaterials
  • nanotoxicity
  • risk assessment
  • nanoparticle analysis
  • environmental pollution

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2608 KiB  
Article
Study of the Stability, Uptake and Transformations of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles in a Model Plant by Means of an Optimised Single Particle ICP-MS/MS Method
by Justyna Wojcieszek, Sandrine Chay, Javier Jiménez-Lamana, Catherine Curie and Stephane Mari
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(11), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13111736 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
In the context of the widespread distribution of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) in the environment and its possible exposure to many aquatic and terrestrial organisms, this study investigates the effects, uptake, bioaccumulation, localisation and possible transformations of nZVI in two different forms [...] Read more.
In the context of the widespread distribution of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) in the environment and its possible exposure to many aquatic and terrestrial organisms, this study investigates the effects, uptake, bioaccumulation, localisation and possible transformations of nZVI in two different forms (aqueous dispersion—Nanofer 25S and air-stable powder—Nanofer STAR) in a model plant—Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedlings exposed to Nanofer STAR displayed symptoms of toxicity, including chlorosis and reduced growth. At the tissue and cellular level, the exposure to Nanofer STAR induced a strong accumulation of Fe in the root intercellular spaces and in Fe-rich granules in pollen grains. Nanofer STAR did not undergo any transformations during 7 days of incubation, while in Nanofer 25S, three different behaviours were observed: (i) stability, (ii) partial dissolution and (iii) the agglomeration process. The size distributions obtained by SP-ICP-MS/MS demonstrated that regardless of the type of nZVI used, iron was taken up and accumulated in the plant, mainly in the form of intact nanoparticles. The agglomerates created in the growth medium in the case of Nanofer 25S were not taken up by the plant. Taken together, the results indicate that Arabidopsis plants do take up, transport and accumulate nZVI in all parts of the plants, including the seeds, which will provide a better understanding of the behaviour and transformations of nZVI once released into the environment, a critical issue from the point of view of food safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact)
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15 pages, 3978 KiB  
Article
Optimized High-Content Imaging Screening Quantifying Micronuclei Formation in Polymer-Treated HaCaT Keratinocytes
by Fariba Saadati, Walison Augusto da Silva Brito, Steffen Emmert and Sander Bekeschus
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(24), 4463; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12244463 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1841
Abstract
Research on nano- and micro-plastic particles (NMPPs) suggests their potential threat to human health. Some studies have even suggested genotoxic effects of NMPP exposure, such as micronuclei (MN) formation, while others found the opposite. To clarify the ability of NMPP to induce MN [...] Read more.
Research on nano- and micro-plastic particles (NMPPs) suggests their potential threat to human health. Some studies have even suggested genotoxic effects of NMPP exposure, such as micronuclei (MN) formation, while others found the opposite. To clarify the ability of NMPP to induce MN formation, we used non-malignant HaCaT keratinocytes and exposed these to a variety of polystyrene (PS) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) particle types at different concentrations and three different sizes. Investigations were performed following acute (one day) and chronic exposure (five weeks) against cytotoxic (amino-modified NMPPs) and genotoxic (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS) positive controls. An optimized high-content imaging workflow was established strictly according to OECD guidelines for analysis. Algorithm-based object segmentation and MN identification led to computer-driven, unsupervised quantitative image analysis results on MN frequencies among the different conditions and thousands of cells per condition. This could only be realized using accutase, allowing for partial cell detachment for optimal identification of bi-nucleated cells. Cytotoxic amino-modified particles were not genotoxic; MMS was both. During acute and long-term studies, PS and PMMA particles were neither toxic nor increased MN formation, except for 1000 nm PS particles at the highest concentration of unphysiological 100 µg/mL. Interestingly, ROS formation was significantly decreased in this condition. Hence, most non-charged polymer particles were neither toxic nor genotoxic, while aminated particles were toxic but not genotoxic. Altogether, we present an optimized quantitative imaging workflow applied to a timely research question in environmental toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact)
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26 pages, 3338 KiB  
Article
Advanced Respiratory Models for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials—Performance of Mono-, Co- and Tricultures
by Laura Maria Azzurra Camassa, Elisabeth Elje, Espen Mariussen, Eleonora Marta Longhin, Maria Dusinska, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui and Elise Rundén-Pran
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(15), 2609; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12152609 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2557
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models are needed to support next-generation risk assessment (NGRA), moving from hazard assessment based mainly on animal studies to the application of new alternative methods (NAMs). Advanced models must be tested for hazard assessment of nanomaterials (NMs). The aim of [...] Read more.
Advanced in vitro models are needed to support next-generation risk assessment (NGRA), moving from hazard assessment based mainly on animal studies to the application of new alternative methods (NAMs). Advanced models must be tested for hazard assessment of nanomaterials (NMs). The aim of this study was to perform an interlaboratory trial across two laboratories to test the robustness of and optimize a 3D lung model of human epithelial A549 cells cultivated at the air–liquid interface (ALI). Potential change in sensitivity in hazard identification when adding complexity, going from monocultures to co- and tricultures, was tested by including human endothelial cells EA.hy926 and differentiated monocytes dTHP-1. All models were exposed to NM-300K in an aerosol exposure system (VITROCELL® cloud-chamber). Cyto- and genotoxicity were measured by AlamarBlue and comet assay. Cellular uptake was investigated with transmission electron microscopy. The models were characterized by confocal microscopy and barrier function tested. We demonstrated that this advanced lung model is applicable for hazard assessment of NMs. The results point to a change in sensitivity of the model by adding complexity and to the importance of detailed protocols for robustness and reproducibility of advanced in vitro models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact)
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Review

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28 pages, 1558 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer
by Shaherin Basith, Balachandran Manavalan, Tae Hwan Shin, Chan Bae Park, Wang-Soo Lee, Jaetaek Kim and Gwang Lee
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(15), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12152656 - 2 Aug 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7355
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas [...] Read more.
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact)
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35 pages, 4514 KiB  
Review
Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Target Analytes: Properties, Surface Chemistry and Detection
by Jesús Sanmartín-Matalobos, Pilar Bermejo-Barrera, Manuel Aboal-Somoza, Matilde Fondo, Ana M. García-Deibe, Julio Corredoira-Vázquez and Yeneva Alves-Iglesias
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2501; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142501 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3961
Abstract
Since the discovery of Quantum Dots (QDs) by Alexey I. Ekimov in 1981, the interest of researchers in that particular type of nanomaterials (NMs) with unique optical and electrical properties has been increasing year by year. Thus, since 2009, the number of scientific [...] Read more.
Since the discovery of Quantum Dots (QDs) by Alexey I. Ekimov in 1981, the interest of researchers in that particular type of nanomaterials (NMs) with unique optical and electrical properties has been increasing year by year. Thus, since 2009, the number of scientific articles published on this topic has not been less than a thousand a year. The increasing use of QDs due to their biomedical, pharmaceutical, biological, photovoltaics or computing applications, as well as many other high-tech uses such as for displays and solid-state lighting (SSL), has given rise to a considerable number of studies about its potential toxicity. However, there are a really low number of reported studies on the detection and quantification of QDs, and these include ICP–MS and electrochemical analysis, which are the most common quantification techniques employed for this purpose. The knowledge of chemical phenomena occurring on the surface of QDs is crucial for understanding the interactions of QDs with species dissolved in the dispersion medium, while it paves the way for a widespread use of chemosensors to facilitate its detection. Keeping in mind both human health and environmental risks of QDs as well as the scarcity of analytical techniques and methodological approaches for their detection, the adaptation of existing techniques and methods used with other NMs appears necessary. In order to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on QD detection, this review focused on three interrelated key aspects of QDs: properties, surface chemistry and detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle Analysis, Toxicity and Environmental Impact)
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