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Recent Advances and Critical Issues in Pediatrics: a Collection of...
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Recent Advances and Critical Issues in Pediatrics: a Collection of Feature Papers

A topical collection in Pediatric Reports (ISSN 2036-7503).

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Editors

Dr. Maurizio Aricò

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols; precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia–lymphoma; DNA mutational analysis; Down syndrome; survival analysis; combined modality therapy; histiocytosis; Langerhans cell; cellular cytotoxicity; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; rare diseases; hospital management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Claudia Mandato

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; hepatology; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Pietro Vajro

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Former Director Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
Interests: liver; gastroenterology; obesity; children; interplay GI/nutrition and liver disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pediatric subspecialties play an essential role in improving children’s health outcomes by providing very specific care. Over the last several years, there has been unprecedented progress reported in all subspecialities due to a better understanding of disease pathomechanisms and the availability of new diagnostic and preventive/therapeutic solutions.

Considering this, the purpose of this Special Issue devoted to feature papers is to gather key information on the state-of-the-art insights that have opened up innovative avenues for the medical management of infants, children, and adolescents in all pediatric subspecialties. Overall, this Special Issue provides an excellent opportunity to explore the latest research and practice directions and, at the same time, focus on previously unaddressed critical issues.

Scholars in a variety of disciplines that fall under the scope of this Special Issue are encouraged to submit high-quality papers that showcase the most recent advancements within their own field of study regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in acute and chronic pediatric diseases. This Special Issue will therefore represent a useful resource for clinicians and scientists, providing them with the most pertinent new information.

We also welcome both narrative and systematic reviews on topics within the field of pediatric subspecialties. Areas of study may include, but are not limited to, the following: allergies and immunology; cardiology; endocrinology; gastroenterology/hepatology/nutrition; hematology/oncology; infectious diseases; inherited metabolic diseases; neonatology; nephrology; neurology; obesity; pulmonology; rheumatology; and the transition from the pediatric to adult healthcare system.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Claudia Mandato
Dr. Maurizio Aricò
Prof. Dr. Pietro Vajro
Collection Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pediatric Reports is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric subspecialties
  • pediatric patients management
  • diagnostic and preventive/therapeutic solutions

Published Papers (3 papers)

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2025

6 pages, 642 KB  
Case Report
Successful Treatment of Multilevel Tracheal Stenosis Post Blunt Chest Trauma in a Child by Early Bronchoscopic Balloon Dilatation: A Case Report
by Badar Al Dhouyani, Atqah AbdulWahab, Muna Maarafiya, Bilal Kabbara and Mutasim Abu-Hasan
Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(6), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17060117 - 4 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: Tracheal stenosis in children is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. We report a case of multilevel tracheal stenosis in a child who sustained blunt chest trauma in a car accident. Case Presentation: The patient is an 11-year-old previously healthy boy who [...] Read more.
Background: Tracheal stenosis in children is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. We report a case of multilevel tracheal stenosis in a child who sustained blunt chest trauma in a car accident. Case Presentation: The patient is an 11-year-old previously healthy boy who presented to the pediatric emergency room unconscious after being rolled over while seated unstrained inside a vehicle. A chest CT scan showed bilateral pulmonary contusions. He required intubation and mechanical ventilation initially but was noted to have biphasic stridor after extubation. He presented to the pediatric pulmonary clinic 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital with persistent stridor and shortness of breath on exertion. Spirometry revealed flattening of the inspiratory and expiratory limbs of the flow-volume loop, suggestive of fixed large airway obstruction. Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy were performed and revealed multilevel tracheal stenosis. He was successfully treated with repeated bronchoscopic balloon dilatation with sustained improvement in symptoms and spirometry findings 8 months post final procedure. Conclusion: Tracheal stenosis should be suspected in children who sustain blunt chest trauma. Early recognition and treatment with bronchoscopic balloon dilatation can prevent long-term complications. Full article
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13 pages, 882 KB  
Article
Descriptive Analysis of Pediatric Studies Included in the European Union Post-Authorization Study Register from 2010 to 2023
by Annalisa Landi, Giorgio Reggiardo, Antonella Didio, Annunziata D’Ercole, Adriana Ceci, Grace Shalom Govere, Donato Bonifazi, Fedele Bonifazi, Salvatore Crisafulli, Gianluca Trifirò, Florentia Kaguelidou, Katja Marja Hakkarainen, Katarina Gvozdanović, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Andrealuna Ucciero and Mariagrazia Felisi
Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010024 - 16 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This work aimed to analyze pediatric Post-Authorization Studies (PASs) registered in the European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorization Studies (EU PAS Register) from September 2010 to April 2023 to identify trends in terms of timing, age groups, and therapeutic areas and to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This work aimed to analyze pediatric Post-Authorization Studies (PASs) registered in the European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorization Studies (EU PAS Register) from September 2010 to April 2023 to identify trends in terms of timing, age groups, and therapeutic areas and to discuss pediatric specificities and sources of funding for the PASs. Methods: A screening process identified PASs conducted exclusively on the pediatric population, and instructions were provided to ensure standardized data collection from the EU PAS Register. A univariate linear regression descriptive analysis was performed to assess trends over time, while a multivariate linear regression analysis helped explore additional characteristics of these studies. Results: Of the 2574 PASs extracted from the EU PAS Registry, 165 were included in this analysis. The majority of pediatric PASs were observational studies (86%), and most of them utilized secondary data (53%). The annual number of PASs increased significantly between 2010 and 2023. As envisaged, the largest part was funded by pharmaceutical companies (62%). Anti-infectives for systemic uses (25%), medicines for the nervous system (18%), and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (15%) resulted in the most studied drugs. Conclusions: Our findings show that post-marketing observational research in pediatric populations has increased over time. Nevertheless, industry–academia collaboration should be encouraged, and regulatory guidance is needed to prioritize research in areas of unmet therapeutic need. Full article
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7 pages, 559 KB  
Communication
Should the Definition of Low Birth Weight Be Same in Every Ethnicity Considering the DOHaD Concept?
by Yoshifumi Kasuga and Mamoru Tanaka
Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010008 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant concern not only because of its association with perinatal outcomes, but also because of its long-term impact on future health. Despite the physical differences among individuals of different ethnicities, the definition of LBW remains the same [...] Read more.
Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant concern not only because of its association with perinatal outcomes, but also because of its long-term impact on future health. Despite the physical differences among individuals of different ethnicities, the definition of LBW remains the same for all ethnicities. This study aimed to explore and discuss this issue. We compiled national data from several countries and found that maternal height was negatively correlated with LBW incidence. We discovered the INTERGROWTH-21st chart may not be suitable for the Japanese population, as the Japanese birth weight chart differs from the INTERGROWTH-21st chart. Researchers have reported different LBW cutoff values used to assess adverse perinatal outcomes for different countries. However, there is currently no definition of LBW independent of the mother’s country of origin that can be used for predicting the risk of adverse health outcomes. Therefore, the current era of personalized healthcare may be the perfect time to establish a standard definition of LBW which is independent of the mother’s country of origin. Considering the future of healthcare, it seems an apt time to discuss the development of a more meaningful definition of LBW that can be applied across ethnicities. Further research is needed to investigate the cutoff values of LBW in every ethnicity. Full article
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