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Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors: Materials, Design and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 8667

Special Issue Editors

Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: metallic glasses; magneto-electric; magnetic sensors

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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: magneto-electric; piezoelectric; ferrites; magnetic/current sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

You are cordially invited to publish original scientific articles describing the results of research works or review articles in a Special Issue entitled “Recent Advances in Magnetic Sensors: Materials, Design and Applications”.

Magnetic sensors are widely used in a variety of activities in the fields of geophysical observations, space and deep-sea explorations, navigation, electric grids, mineral prospection, archeology, clinical medicine, and industrial applications. Most of the applications rely on the identification of weak magnetic variations in time and/or in space by means of differential or gradient measurements. The ultimate resolution of these measurements is limited by the intrinsic noise levels in the magnetic sensors, which are relevant to the working principle, material, size, weight, power consumption, etc. The advances in material science and technology over the last several decades have enabled the construction of magnetic sensors of increased sensitivity.

This Special Issue will be a detailed overview of the recent research and development of the materials, design, and applications of magnetic sensors. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews related to this topic are all welcome.

Dr. Xin Zhuang
Dr. Chung Ming Leung
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • induction coil
  • fluxgate
  • SQUID
  • magnetoresistance
  • magnetostrictive-piezoelectricity
  • optically pumped magnetometer
  • hall
  • other sensing principles

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 7128 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Properties of FeNi/Cu-Based Lithographic Rectangular Multilayered Elements for Magnetoimpedance Applications
by Grigory Yu. Melnikov, Irina G. Vazhenina, Rauf S. Iskhakov, Nikita M. Boev, Sergey V. Komogortsev, Andrey V. Svalov and Galina V. Kurlyandskaya
Sensors 2023, 23(13), 6165; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136165 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
The rectangular elements in magnetoimpedance (MI) configuration with a specific nanocomposite laminated structure based on FeNi and Cu layers were prepared by lift-off lithographic process. The properties of such elements are controlled by their shape, the anisotropy induced during the deposition, and by [...] Read more.
The rectangular elements in magnetoimpedance (MI) configuration with a specific nanocomposite laminated structure based on FeNi and Cu layers were prepared by lift-off lithographic process. The properties of such elements are controlled by their shape, the anisotropy induced during the deposition, and by effects associated with the composite structure. The characterizations of static and dynamic properties, including MI measurements, show that these elements are promising for sensor applications. We have shown that competition between the shape anisotropy and the in-plane induced anisotropy of the element material is worth taking into account in order to understand the magnetic behavior of multilayered rectangular stripes. A possibility of the dynamic methods (ferromagnetic and spin-wave resonance) to describe laminated planar elements having a non-periodic modulation of both structure and magnetic parameters of a system is demonstrated. We show that the multilayered structure, which was originally designed to prevent the development of a “transcritical” state in magnetic layers and to reach the required thickness, also induces the effects that hinder the achievement of the goal, namely an increase in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy. Full article
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16 pages, 5054 KiB  
Article
Magnetoresistance and Magnetic Relaxation of La-Sr-Mn-O Films Grown on Si/SiO2 Substrate by Pulsed Injection MOCVD
by Nerija Žurauskienė, Vakaris Rudokas and Sonata Tolvaišienė
Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5365; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125365 - 6 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1120
Abstract
The results of magnetoresistance (MR) and resistance relaxation of nanostructured La1−xSrxMnyO3 (LSMO) films with different film thicknesses (60–480 nm) grown on Si/SiO2 substrate by the pulsed-injection MOCVD technique are presented and compared with [...] Read more.
The results of magnetoresistance (MR) and resistance relaxation of nanostructured La1−xSrxMnyO3 (LSMO) films with different film thicknesses (60–480 nm) grown on Si/SiO2 substrate by the pulsed-injection MOCVD technique are presented and compared with the reference manganite LSMO/Al2O3 films of the same thickness. The MR was investigated in permanent (up to 0.7 T) and pulsed (up to 10 T) magnetic fields in the temperature range of 80–300 K, and the resistance-relaxation processes were studied after the switch-off of the magnetic pulse with an amplitude of 10 T and a duration of 200 μs. It was found that the high-field MR values were comparable for all investigated films (~−40% at 10 T), whereas the memory effects differed depending on the film thickness and substrate used for the deposition. It was demonstrated that resistance relaxation to the initial state after removal of the magnetic field occurred in two time scales: fast’ (~300 μs) and slow (longer than 10 ms). The observed fast relaxation process was analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Avrami–Fatuzzo model, taking into account the reorientation of magnetic domains into their equilibrium state. The smallest remnant resistivity values were found for the LSMO films grown on SiO2/Si substrate in comparison to the LSMO/Al2O3 films. The testing of the LSMO/SiO2/Si-based magnetic sensors in an alternating magnetic field with a half-period of 22 μs demonstrated that these films could be used for the development of fast magnetic sensors operating at room temperature. For operation at cryogenic temperature, the LSMO/SiO2/Si films could be employed only for single-pulse measurements due to magnetic-memory effects. Full article
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11 pages, 3494 KiB  
Article
A Magnetic Levitation System for Range/Sensitivity-Tunable Measurement of Density
by Junhui Yu, Donghai Li, Chengxian Zhu, Qiran Ouyang, Chunyang Miao and Haidong Yu
Sensors 2023, 23(8), 3955; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083955 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1777
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising density-based analytical technique with numerous applications. Several MagLev structures with different levels of sensitivity and range have been studied. However, these MagLev structures can seldom satisfy the different performance requirements simultaneously, such as high sensitivity, wide measurement [...] Read more.
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising density-based analytical technique with numerous applications. Several MagLev structures with different levels of sensitivity and range have been studied. However, these MagLev structures can seldom satisfy the different performance requirements simultaneously, such as high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and easy operation, which have prevented them from being widely used. In this work, a tunable MagLev system was developed. It is confirmed by numerical simulation and experiments that this system possesses a high resolution down to 10−7 g/cm3 or even higher compared to the existing systems. Meanwhile, the resolution and range of this tunable system can be adjusted to meet different requirements of measurement. More importantly, this system can be operated simply and conveniently. This bundle of characteristics demonstrates that the novel tunable MagLev system could be handily applied in various density-based analyses on demand, which would greatly expand the ability of MagLev technology. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 5455 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress of Atomic Magnetometers for Geomagnetic Applications
by Yuantian Lu, Tian Zhao, Wanhua Zhu, Leisong Liu, Xin Zhuang, Guangyou Fang and Xiaojuan Zhang
Sensors 2023, 23(11), 5318; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115318 - 3 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3969
Abstract
The atomic magnetometer is currently one of the most-sensitive sensors and plays an important role in applications for detecting weak magnetic fields. This review reports the recent progress of total-field atomic magnetometers that are one important ramification of such magnetometers, which can reach [...] Read more.
The atomic magnetometer is currently one of the most-sensitive sensors and plays an important role in applications for detecting weak magnetic fields. This review reports the recent progress of total-field atomic magnetometers that are one important ramification of such magnetometers, which can reach the technical level for engineering applications. The alkali-metal magnetometers, helium magnetometers, and coherent population-trapping magnetometers are included in this review. Besides, the technology trend of atomic magnetometers was analyzed for the purpose of providing a certain reference for developing the technologies in such magnetometers and for exploring their applications. Full article
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