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Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Antennas and Front-End Devices for Wireless Communications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 6000

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yuan Yao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
Interests: wireless communications; RF systems; antenna technology; radio frequency identification (RFID); terahertz technology
Prof. Dr. Shiwei Qu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 611731, China
Interests: phased arrays; millimeter-wave antennas and arrays; terahertz antennas and arrays
Dr. Xiaohe Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
Interests: antenna technology; RF systems; terahertz technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, higher frequency bands, especially millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) frequency bands, are used for improving the transmission data rate for emerging wireless communication systems such as 5G, 6G, satellite, etc. Since the wavelength decreases, the design and associated technologies of antennas and front-end devices face difficulties, such as a lack of precise models, high loss, difficult fabrication, difficulty in obtaining measurements, etc. Thus, advanced antennas and front-end device designs and technologies require exploration.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in the development, modeling and testing of mmWave and THz antennas and front-end devices, as well as their applications and novel challenges. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Advanced mmWave and THz antenna and antenna array design;
  • Transmission line technologies;
  • mmWave and THz front-end passive devices, such as filters, multiplexers, OMT, etc.;
  • mmWave and THz front-end active devices, such as amplifiers, mixers, source, etc.;
  • Antenna measurements;
  • MIMO technology;
  • mmWave and THz communication systems.

Prof. Dr. Yuan Yao
Prof. Dr. Shiwei Qu
Dr. Xiaohe Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6228 KiB  
Communication
Circularly Polarized Ultra-Wideband Antenna for Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode Terahertz Source
by Qi Li, Chuang Nie, Zihao Liu, Xin Zhou, Xiaohe Cheng, Song Liang and Yuan Yao
Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9398; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239398 - 25 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 771
Abstract
This paper proposes a circularly polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for a Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode (UTC-PD) to meet the growing demand for bandwidth and polarization diversity in terahertz (THz) communication. In the design of the UTC-PD integrated antenna, the planar electrodes of the chip are [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a circularly polarized ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for a Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode (UTC-PD) to meet the growing demand for bandwidth and polarization diversity in terahertz (THz) communication. In the design of the UTC-PD integrated antenna, the planar electrodes of the chip are directly integrated with the antenna to simplify the integration process. However, this integration introduces new problems, such as asymmetry inside the spiral antenna, which leads to a deterioration in the corresponding high-frequency performance. To address this issue, the antenna’s structure is optimized, and a lens is integrated to enhance directivity and eliminate surface waves. As a result, the proposed antenna achieves a 100–1500 GHz (175%) impedance bandwidth and a 150–720 GHz (131%) axial ratio bandwidth for the UTC-PD. The maximum gain of the antenna is 21.05 dBi at 1 THz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Antennas and Front-End Devices for Wireless Communications)
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17 pages, 9555 KiB  
Article
Dual-Mode Conical Horn Antenna with 2-D Azimuthal Monopulse Pattern for Millimeter-Wave Applications
by Asrin Piroutiniya, Mohamad Hosein Rasekhmanesh, José Luis Masa-Campos, José Luis Calero-Rodríguez and Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz
Sensors 2023, 23(19), 8157; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198157 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1405
Abstract
In this paper, a novel concept of a three-dimensional full metal system including a Dual-Mode Converter (DMC) network integrated with a high-gain Conical Horn Antenna (CHA) is presented. This system is designed for 5G millimeter wave applications requiring monopulse operation at K-band ( [...] Read more.
In this paper, a novel concept of a three-dimensional full metal system including a Dual-Mode Converter (DMC) network integrated with a high-gain Conical Horn Antenna (CHA) is presented. This system is designed for 5G millimeter wave applications requiring monopulse operation at K-band (37.5–39 GHz). The DMC integrates two mode converters. They excite either the TE11cir or the TE01cir modes of the circular waveguide of the CHA. The input of the mode converters is the TE10rec mode of two independent WR-28 standard rectangular waveguide ports. By integrating the DMC with the CHA, the whole system, called a Dual-Mode Conical Horn Antenna (DM-CHA), is formed, radiating the sum (Σ) and difference (Δ) patterns associated to the monopulse operation. To adequately prevent the propagation of higher order modes and mode mutual coupling, this integration procedure is carefully designed and fabricated. To prove the performance of the design, the DMC network was fabricated using subtractive manufacturing by Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technology. The CHA was fabricated using additive manufacturing by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DLMS) technology. Finally, the simulation and measurement results were exhaustively compared, including return loss, isolation, radiation pattern, and gain of the full DM-CHA structure. It is noteworthy that this system provided up to ±11° per beam in the angular of arrival detection to support the high data rate operation for 5G satellite communications in the millimeter-wave band. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Antennas and Front-End Devices for Wireless Communications)
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14 pages, 4582 KiB  
Article
Low-Profile Dual-Band Reflector Antenna for High-Frequency Applications
by Senlin Lu and Shi-Wei Qu
Sensors 2023, 23(13), 5781; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135781 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1783
Abstract
A high-gain low-profile reflector antenna with dual-band radiation ability is presented in this paper. The antenna achieves a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 10% around fl, and a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 20%, around fh, where [...] Read more.
A high-gain low-profile reflector antenna with dual-band radiation ability is presented in this paper. The antenna achieves a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 10% around fl, and a relative 2 dB gain bandwidth of 20%, around fh, where fl and fh are the center operating frequencies of the frequency bands of 29.4~32.4 GHz and 142~174 GHz, respectively. To achieve the dual-band radiation ability, a composite dual-band feed with an fh/fl ratio of around 5 is proposed as the feed for the reflector antenna, which includes a higher-band circular waveguide and a lower-band coaxial horn. The metallic elliptical surface serves as the subreflector (SR) in the higher band, while the SR is the planar reflectarray in the lower band. Due to the design of the dual reflector, the dual-band reflector antenna features a low focal-to-diameter (F/D) ratio of approximately 0.2. According to the simulated results, the proposed reflector antenna achieves efficiencies of 59.0% and 42.9% at fl and fh, respectively. For verification purposes, a Ku/E-band scaled prototype is manufactured. The measured VSWRs, radiation patterns, and gains are in reasonable agreement with the simulated ones, proving the correctness of the proposed design method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Antennas and Front-End Devices for Wireless Communications)
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20 pages, 11114 KiB  
Article
High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Beam Scanning Transmitarray Antenna
by Hao-Zheng Yang and Shi-Wei Qu
Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4709; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104709 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1319
Abstract
In this article, a high-gain millimeter-wave transmitarray antenna (TAA) maintaining scanning ability is developed, integrating an array feed as the primary emitter. The work is achieved within a limited aperture area, avoiding the replacement or extension of the array. The addition of a [...] Read more.
In this article, a high-gain millimeter-wave transmitarray antenna (TAA) maintaining scanning ability is developed, integrating an array feed as the primary emitter. The work is achieved within a limited aperture area, avoiding the replacement or extension of the array. The addition of a set of defocused phases along the scanning direction to the phase distribution of the monofocal lens allows the converging energy to be dispersed into the scanning scope. The beam forming algorithm proposed in this article can determine the excitation coefficients of the array feed source, and is beneficial to improve the scanning capability in array-fed transmitarray antennas. A transmitarray based on the square waveguide element illuminated by an array feed is designed with a focal-to-diameter ratio (F/D) of 0.6. A 1-D scan with a scope of −5° to 5° is realized through calculation. The measured results show that the transmitarray can achieve a high gain, 37.95 dBi at 160 GHz, although a maximum 2.2 dB error appears compared with the calculation in the operating band of 150–170 GHz. The proposed transmitarray has been proven to generate scannable high-gain beams in the millimeter-wave band and is expected to demonstrate its potential in other applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Antennas and Front-End Devices for Wireless Communications)
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