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Signal Processing for GPS/GNSS/APNT Systems

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Dear Colleagues,

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), such as the global positioning system (GPS) of the United States and Galileo of Europe, are the most widely used positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems. Since the vulnerabilities of GNSSs to signal jamming or spoofing are well known, alterative PNT (APNT) systems are also actively being studied in various sectors. This Special Issue solicits papers that apply signal processing techniques to implement and utilize GPS/GNSS/APNT systems. Signal processing techniques for remote sensing, anti-jamming, anti-spoofing, opportunistic navigation, sensor fusion, and other novel applications are within the scope of this Special Issue.

Prof. Jiwon Seo
Prof. Byungwoon Park
Dr. Pyo-Woong Son
Guest Editors

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Keywords

global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), augmentation systems
positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT)
alternative PNT (APNT), backup/complementary PNT
remote sensing
sensor fusion and integration
signal interference, jamming, spoofing
software-defined receiver (SDR)
signals of opportunity (SOP)
eLoran, R-Mode
novel applications of GPS/GNSS/APNT systems

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19 pages, 2810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Study of BDS Triple-Frequency Ambiguity Fixing Approaches for RTK Positioning

by Huizhong Zhu, Yangyang Lu, Longjiang Tang, Jun Li, Aigong Xu and Maorong Ge

Sensors 2021, 21(7), 2565; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072565 - 6 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2328

Abstract

Concerning the triple-frequency ambiguity resolution, in principle there are three different realizations. The first one is to fix all the ambiguities of the original frequencies together. However, it is also believed that fixing the combined integer ambiguities with longer wavelength, such as extra-wide-lane (EWL), wide-lane (WL), should be advantageous. Also, it is demonstrated that fixing sequentially EWL, WL and one type of original ambiguities provides better results, as the previously fixed ambiguities increase parameters’ precision for later fixings. In this paper, we undertake a comparative study of the three fixing approaches by means of experimental validation. In order to realize the three fixing approaches from the same information in terms of adjustment, we developed a processing strategy to provide fully consistent normal equations. We first generate the normal equation with the original undifferentiated carrier phase ambiguities, then map it into that with the combined and double-differenced ambiguities required by the individual approach for fixing. Four baselines of 258 m, 22 km, 47 km and 53 km are selected and processed in both static and kinematic mode using the three ambiguity-fixing approaches. Indicators including time of first fixed solution (TFFS), the correct fixing rate, positioning accuracy and RATIO are used to evaluate and investigate results. We also made a preliminary theoretical explanation of the results by looking into the decorrelation procedure of the ambiguity searching algorithm and the intermediate results. As conclusions, integrated searching of original ambiguities or combined ambiguities has almost the same fixing performance, whereas the sequential fixing of EWL, WL and B1 ambiguities overperforms the integrated searching. By the way, the third-frequency data can shorten the TFFS significantly but can hardly improve the positioning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing for GPS/GNSS/APNT Systems)

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19 pages, 5352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

GNSS Precise Relative Positioning Using A Priori Relative Position in a GNSS Harsh Environment

by Euiho Kim

Sensors 2021, 21(4), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041355 - 14 Feb 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3133

Abstract

To enable Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based precise relative positioning, real-time kinematic (RTK) systems have been widely used. However, an RTK system often suffers from a wrong integer ambiguity fix in the GNSS carrier phase measurements and may take a long initialization time over several minutes, particularly when the number of satellites in view is small. To facilitate a reliable GNSS carrier phase-based relative positioning with a small number of satellites in view, this paper introduces a novel GNSS carrier phase-based precise relative positioning method that uses a fixed baseline length as well as heading measurements in the beginning of the operation, which allows the fixing of integer ambiguities with rounding schemes in a short time. The integer rounding scheme developed in this paper is an iterative process that sequentially resolves integer ambiguities, and the sequential order of the integer ambiguity resolution is based on the required averaging epochs that vary for each satellite depending on the geometry between the baseline and the double difference line-of-sight vectors. The required averaging epochs with respect to various baseline lengths and heading measurement uncertainties were analyzed through simulations. Static and dynamic field tests with low cost GNSS receivers confirmed that the positioning accuracy of the proposed method was better than 10 cm and significantly outperformed a conventional RTK solution in a GNSS harsh environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing for GPS/GNSS/APNT Systems)

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