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Recent Developments and Applications in Vehicle-Assisted Structural Health Monitoring for Infrastructures

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Vehicular Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2025) | Viewed by 1000

Special Issue Editors

School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
Interests: structural health monitoring; vehicle–bridge interaction; damage detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Civil Engineering, College of Science & Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
Interests: structural health monitoring; intelligent infrastructures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infrastructures, such as buildings, bridges, roads, and railways, play vital roles in the current transportation system worldwide. However, since many of them were built in the last century, aging and deterioration pose significant threats to their safe operation. In recent decades, structural health monitoring (SHM) has become a critical area of focus, contributing significantly to the development of a sustainable society. Recent studies have highlighted the use of vehicles, e.g., cars, drones, and robots, in the health monitoring of infrastructures, where various types of sensors or cameras are installed on infrastructures and/or moving vehicles to collect important information for decision-making on bridge integrity management. Such a process involves measuring responses of the infrastructure/vehicles, data transmission, data storage and management, and cluster data processing and analysis. Significant information about infrastructures is extracted from these data and statistically analyzed to provide engineers with condition assessment results. In the future, SHM for infrastructures should be accomplished automatically with trivial manual operations, non-destructive to the structure, and achievable under operational conditions. Vehicle-assisted techniques will play a significant role in achieving these goals.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect state-of-the-art developments and applications in vehicle-assisted SHM for infrastructures, with its scope including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Infrastructural operational modal identification and analysis;
  • Vehicle-assisted damage detection of infrastructures;
  • Road roughness/railway irregularity estimation and monitoring using vehicle responses;
  • Anomaly detection in vehicle-induced data based on machine/deep learning algorithms;
  • Infrastructural health monitoring using vehicle-induced responses;
  • Monitoring of bridge traffic load distribution;
  • Application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for structural health monitoring of infrastructures;
  • Investigations of vehicle–structure interaction theories;
  • Drive-by/fly-by infrastructural health monitoring using vehicles as moving sensors;
  • Modal parameter identification of bridges from responses of passing vehicles;
  • AI applications for direct/indirect bridge health monitoring;
  • Crowdsensing for bridge condition assessment.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Buildings.

Dr. Zhenkun Li
Dr. Kun Feng
Dr. Myra Lydon
Dr. Weiwei Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structural health monitoring
  • damage detection
  • modal identification
  • unmanned aerial vehicles
  • deep learning
  • drive-by/fly-by method
  • computer vision

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 20947 KB  
Article
Stochastic Vehicle Load Simulation for Small- and Medium-Span Bridges Based on Weigh-in-Motion Monitoring
by Ping Fan, Gang Wu, Zhenwei Zhou, Bitao Wu and Xuzheng Liu
Sensors 2026, 26(5), 1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26051681 - 6 Mar 2026
Viewed by 407
Abstract
Vehicle loads constitute the dominant source of dynamic excitation for small- and medium-span bridges, exerting a critical influence on bridge safety and service performance. However, vehicle load characteristics exhibit pronounced temporal variability and strong regional heterogeneity, which poses challenges for accurately characterizing the [...] Read more.
Vehicle loads constitute the dominant source of dynamic excitation for small- and medium-span bridges, exerting a critical influence on bridge safety and service performance. However, vehicle load characteristics exhibit pronounced temporal variability and strong regional heterogeneity, which poses challenges for accurately characterizing the in-service loading conditions of bridges in specific regions using conventional dynamic load models. Therefore, this study focuses on the actual operational characteristics of vehicles on the Lieshihe bridge and the effects of vehicle loads and proposes a stochastic vehicle load simulation method based on the Monte Carlo sampling technique and weigh-in-motion (WIM) measured data. Initially, the recorded vehicle data are classified into representative vehicle models, and statistical analyses are conducted to characterize lane-dependent traffic flow variations and the occurrence patterns of vehicle overloading. Subsequently, axle number and axle spacing are selected as the core indicators for vehicle classification, based on which vehicles are categorized into five representative vehicle types. The changing patterns of axle load, vehicle weight, vehicle speed, etc., for each vehicle type are studied, and corresponding probability density distribution models are established to describe the stochastic nature of vehicle characteristics. Finally, using the Monte Carlo method combined with important attributes of vehicle flows, a stochastic vehicle load model is established based on the spatial–temporal characteristics. The results demonstrate that the vehicle weight on the bridge exhibits a Gaussian mixture distribution with multi-peaks, characterized by similar peak magnitudes but markedly different occurrence frequencies; axle load shows a single-peak distribution of Gaussian distribution with small differences in peak values and frequencies. Full article
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