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Microwave-Based Sensors for Biological and Wireless Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 4313

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Division WaveCore, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: electromagnetic–biological sensing and interaction; microwave measurement techniques; microfluidic integration; passive and active microwave circuits; information theory; digital communications

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Electronics, Microelectronics, Computer and Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2. Division WaveCore, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: microwave heating; microwave sensors for biomedical applications; microfluidic integration; passive and active microwave circuits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The application of high-frequency electromagnetic techniques for sensing ranging from the nanometre to the metre scales is often considered the most desired way of sensing. At the nano- and micrometre scales, DNAs, proteins, enzymes, cells, and tissues are detected and quantified using the label-free approach using electromagnetic waves. At sub-metre and metre scales, obstacles, persons, and materials are detected and described once again using remote sensing techniques based on electromagnetic waves, all enabled by the development of novel high-frequency sensors and actuators, MMIC manufacturing, and additive integration techniques.

This Special Issue of Sensors invites contributions relevant to the waveforms, sensors, fluidic integration, devices, and systems for biological and wireless applications. All disciplines are welcome, and contributions may cover scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of novel devices and back-end systems involved in microwave- and millimetre-wave-based sensing.

Research topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Development and evaluation of novel devices for in-situ and remote sensing;
  • Development and evaluation of novel devices for broadband and narrowband sensing;
  • Application of artificial-intelligence-based techniques for sensing data exploitation;
  • Development and evaluation of novel devices for heating in biology and chemistry;
  • Discovery and integration of waveform shapes for intelligent sensing and efficient heating;
  • Development and integration of supporting microwave and millimetre-wave circuitry for microfluidic sensors and heaters;
  • Integration of high-frequency electrical devices and circuitry with microfluidic setups;
  • Development of packaging and interconnect technologies for microwave and millimetre-wave devices in microfluidics;
  • Reports on interactions of high-frequency electromagnetic fields with biological and chemical material samples.

Prof. Dr. Bart Nauwelaers
Dr. Tomislav Markovic
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microwave sensing
  • millimetre-wave sensing
  • microwave heating
  • dielectric spectroscopy
  • microfluidics
  • remote sensing
  • radar
  • packaging
  • manufacturing
  • high-frequency electronic circuits

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 2065 KiB  
Article
Configurable Pseudo Noise Radar Imaging System Enabling Synchronous MIMO Channel Extension
by Niklas Bräunlich, Christoph W. Wagner, Jürgen Sachs and Giovanni Del Galdo
Sensors 2023, 23(5), 2454; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052454 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1917
Abstract
In this article, we propose an evolved system design approach to ultra-wideband (UWB) radar based on pseudo-random noise (PRN) sequences, the key features of which are its user-adaptability to meet the demands provided by desired microwave imaging applications and its multichannel scalability. In [...] Read more.
In this article, we propose an evolved system design approach to ultra-wideband (UWB) radar based on pseudo-random noise (PRN) sequences, the key features of which are its user-adaptability to meet the demands provided by desired microwave imaging applications and its multichannel scalability. In light of providing a fully synchronized multichannel radar imaging system for short-range imaging as mine detection, non-destructive testing (NDT) or medical imaging, the advanced system architecture is presented with a special focus put on the implemented synchronization mechanism and clocking scheme. The core of the targeted adaptivity is provided by means of hardware, such as variable clock generators and dividers as well as programmable PRN generators. In addition to adaptive hardware, the customization of signal processing is feasible within an extensive open-source framework using the Red Pitaya® data acquisition platform. A system benchmark in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), jitter, and synchronization stability is conducted to determine the achievable performance of the prototype system put into practice. Furthermore, an outlook on the planned future development and performance improvement is provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave-Based Sensors for Biological and Wireless Applications)
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19 pages, 62162 KiB  
Article
Switchable Broadband-to-Tunable Narrowband Magnetic Probe for Near-Field Measurements
by Abdulghafor A. Abdulhameed and Zdeněk Kubík
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7601; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197601 - 7 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1823
Abstract
This paper presents a printed magnetic probe that can switch from broadband to tunable narrowband for near-field measurement. In the early design stage, we created a printed loop gap resonator as a magnetic reference sensor for the pre-compliance test in a band up [...] Read more.
This paper presents a printed magnetic probe that can switch from broadband to tunable narrowband for near-field measurement. In the early design stage, we created a printed loop gap resonator as a magnetic reference sensor for the pre-compliance test in a band up to 6 GHz. Consequently, the results showed a good response in terms of the S11 and S21 parameters of the proposed probe compared with the commercial magnetic sensor XF-R 3-1. The source noise might spread among different frequency bands, making the broadband magnetic probe the closest choice for estimating the magnetic field in the near-field region. Unfortunately, broadband magnetic probes have lower sensitivity than narrowband ones. One of the solutions to get high sensitivity is to connect the LNA to the output of the passive magnetic sensor. This work proposes a novel method to solve this issue using a PIN diode to change the broadband status into a high sensitivity narrowband status and then tune this narrowband across the most critical applications such as 3.5 GHz, 3.75 GHz, 4.8 GHz, and 5.2 GHz with the help of a varactor diode. Compared to the broadband status, an improvement of more than 10 dB has been obtained across all these wireless bands. Furthermore, the proposed structure’s isolation between the electrical and magnetic fields is about 13 dB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave-Based Sensors for Biological and Wireless Applications)
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