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New Trends for Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Devices: Design, Manufacturing, and Measurement for the 5G Era and Beyond

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 11738

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adrián Tamayo-Domínguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: RF circuits; gap waveguides; symmetries applied to planar antennas
Dr. Pablo Sanchez-Olivares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: design, manufacturing and measurement of planar array antennas; phased array antennas; waveguide antennas
Dr. José M. Fernández-González

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: phased array antennas; RF circuits; metamaterial structures; antenna applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the main research focuses of the development of new communication systems is the migration of services to electromagnetic spectrum ranges covering millimeter- and submillimeter-wave frequency bands. Most of these bands are still underutilized, making them one of the most easily accessible sources of broadband. Access to this resource is essential to cope with the paradigm shift that will bring the arrival of the new generation of communications, such as increased traffic demand, massive device connectivity (Internet of Thing—IoT), and high quality of experience (QoE). Having systems in these frequency ranges is also essential to improve satellite communications and satellite-to-satellite connectivity, as well as providing a new window of exploration for radioastronomy. The deployment of antenna systems and RF devices with the capacity to take advantage of this available bandwidth is a major challenge that involves industry, service providers, network operators, and researchers from the academic community. It is an effort required to complete a revolution in structural sectors such as transportation, commerce, energy, health, and education.

In this Special Issue, researchers from both academia and industry are invited to contribute with their innovative research and future trends for millimeter and submillimeter-wave communication systems. This Special Issue will ignite an important discussion within Sensors MDPI resulting in the fundamental research of new technologies that will enable the next generation of communication systems. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • New communication systems at millimeter-wave frequencies;
  • Technology and system architectures at millimeter-wave frequencies;
  • New technologies and techniques for millimeter-wave device design and development;
  • New additive manufacturing techniques in millimeter and submillimeter-wave bands;
  • Antenna design and technical solutions for millimeter and submillimeter-wave communication systems;
  • Measurement techniques at millimeter and submillimeter-wave frequency bands;
  • Millimeter-wave over-the-air (OTA) measurements (anechoic and reverberation chambers).

Dr. Adrián Tamayo-Domínguez
Dr. Pablo Sanchez-Olivares
Dr. José M. Fernández-González
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antennas
  • millimeter-wave
  • submillimeter-wave
  • 5G
  • metamaterials
  • electromagnetic bandgap
  • additive manufacturing
  • OTA
  • lenses
  • satellite
  • radioastronomy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 32611 KiB  
Article
Fast Transmitarray Synthesis with Far-Field and Near-Field Constraints
by Susana Loredo, Enrique G. Plaza and Germán León
Sensors 2022, 22(12), 4355; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124355 - 8 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
Millimeter-wave communications can potentially provide high-data-rate transmission. In addition, in the case of indoor small cells, new needs related to the radiation pattern of the antennas are emerging. In this work, a technique for the synthesis of planar transmitarray antennas with simultaneous near-field [...] Read more.
Millimeter-wave communications can potentially provide high-data-rate transmission. In addition, in the case of indoor small cells, new needs related to the radiation pattern of the antennas are emerging. In this work, a technique for the synthesis of planar transmitarray antennas with simultaneous near-field and far-field requirements is proposed. It is based on an iterative process, going from synthesized sources to generated field and back, through three operations: near-field computation as the sum of far-field contributions from the array elements, and inverse and direct fast Fourier transforms. As a result, the technique is very efficient from the point of view of computing time. In order to demonstrate the ability of the method, two examples are studied: one of them with a null in the near-field region and the other with a focal point, both pointing simultaneously in a specific far-field direction. The results are validated by manufacturing two dielectric “quasi-planar” prototypes at 26 GHz. The measure of the prototypes is in good agreement with the results advanced by the algorithm. These preliminary results suggest that the method can be extended to more complex scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends for Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Devices: Design, Manufacturing, and Measurement for the 5G Era and Beyond)
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28 pages, 37548 KiB  
Article
Mechanically Reconfigurable Waveguide Filter Based on Glide Symmetry at Millimetre-Wave Bands
by Adrian Tamayo-Dominguez, José-Manuel Fernández-González and Oscar Quevedo-Teruel
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031001 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2499
Abstract
This paper presents the design and fabrication of a mechanically reconfigurable filter at W band based on the concept of glide symmetry. The tunability is achieved by breaking and regenerating the glide symmetry. The filters are made of two glide-symmetric pieces that can [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and fabrication of a mechanically reconfigurable filter at W band based on the concept of glide symmetry. The tunability is achieved by breaking and regenerating the glide symmetry. The filters are made of two glide-symmetric pieces that can be displaced in a certain direction, and therefore, break the symmetry. The high filtering capacity of these designs is demonstrated by simulation and measurement and can also be adjusted mechanically. The transmission level in the manufactured filter varies from a value between −1 and −2 dB when the filter is in the glide symmetry position to values close to −40 dB in the stop-band when it is in the broken symmetry position. The transmission band obtained in the symmetrical mode is around 20%, but, after breaking the symmetry, it is split into two passbands of 6.5% and 11% separated by a stop-band of 6%. The position, bandwidth, filtering level and filter roll-off can be adjusted for both modes of operation by appropriately selecting the unit cell design parameters and the number of unit cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends for Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Devices: Design, Manufacturing, and Measurement for the 5G Era and Beyond)
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12 pages, 9802 KiB  
Article
3D Inductive Frequency Selective Structures Using Additive Manufacturing and Low-Cost Metallization
by Juan Andrés Vásquez-Peralvo, Adrián Tamayo-Domínguez, Gerardo Pérez-Palomino, José Manuel Fernández-González and Thomas Wong
Sensors 2022, 22(2), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020552 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1796
Abstract
The use of additive manufacturing and different metallization techniques for prototyping radio frequency components such as antennas and waveguides are rising owing to their high precision and low costs. Over time, additive manufacturing has improved so that its utilization is accepted in satellite [...] Read more.
The use of additive manufacturing and different metallization techniques for prototyping radio frequency components such as antennas and waveguides are rising owing to their high precision and low costs. Over time, additive manufacturing has improved so that its utilization is accepted in satellite payloads and military applications. However, there is no record of the frequency response in the millimeter-wave band for inductive 3D frequency selective structures implemented by different metallization techniques. For this reason, three different prototypes of dielectric 3D frequency selective structures working in the millimeter-wave band are designed, simulated, and manufactured using VAT photopolymerization. These prototypes are subsequently metallized using metallic paint atomization and electroplating. The manufactured prototypes have been carefully selected, considering their design complexity, starting with the simplest, the square aperture, the medium complexity, the woodpile structure, and the most complex, the torus structure. Then, each structure is measured before and after the metallization process using a measurement bench. The metallization used for the measurement is nickel spray flowed by the copper electroplating. For the electroplating, a detailed table showing the total area to be metallized and the current applied is also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of both metallization techniques is compared with the simulations performed using CST Microwave Studio. Results indicate that a shifted and reduced band-pass is obtained in some structures. On the other hand, for very complex structures, as in the torus case, band-pass with lower loss is obtained using copper electroplating, thus allowing the manufacturing of inductive 3D frequency selective structures in the millimeter-wave band at a low cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends for Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Devices: Design, Manufacturing, and Measurement for the 5G Era and Beyond)
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Review

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25 pages, 8582 KiB  
Review
Current Sheet Antenna Array and 5G: Challenges, Recent Trends, Developments, and Future Directions
by Sajjad Hussain, Shi-Wei Qu, Abu Bakar Sharif, Hassan Sani Abubakar, Xiao-Hua Wang, Muhammad Ali Imran and Qammer H. Abbasi
Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093329 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4518
Abstract
Designing an ultra-wideband array antenna for fifth generation (5G) is challenging for the antenna designing community because of the highly fragmented electromagnetic spectrum. To overcome bandwidth limitations, several millimeter-wave bands for 5G and beyond applications are considered; as a result, many antenna arrays [...] Read more.
Designing an ultra-wideband array antenna for fifth generation (5G) is challenging for the antenna designing community because of the highly fragmented electromagnetic spectrum. To overcome bandwidth limitations, several millimeter-wave bands for 5G and beyond applications are considered; as a result, many antenna arrays have been proposed during the past decades. This paper aims to explore recent developments and techniques regarding a specific type of phased array antenna used in 5G applications, called current sheet array (CSA). CSA consists of capacitively coupled elements placed over a ground plane, with mutual coupling intentionally introduced in a controlled manner between the elements. CSA concept evolved and led to the realization of new array antennas with multiple octaves of bandwidth. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing works in this line of research. We analyze and discuss various aspects of the proposed array antennas with the wideband and wide-scan operation. Additionally, we discuss the significance of the phased array antenna in 5G communication. Moreover, we describe the current research challenges and future directions for CSA-based phased array antennas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends for Millimeter-Wave Antennas and Devices: Design, Manufacturing, and Measurement for the 5G Era and Beyond)
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