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Sensors Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 5388

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Dr. Qiang Liu

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Guest Editor

College of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
Interests: optical fiber sensors; photonic crystal fibers; optical functional materials; optical fiber fabrication

Dr. Lu Cai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110000, China
Interests: whispering gallery mode; ring cavity lasers; optical fiber sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photonic crystal fibers belong to a kind of special fiber that have numerous unique characteristics. Many air holes are distributed on the cross-section and go through the whole fibers, which makes the fiber easy to deform and more sensitive to ambient force. Photonic crystal fibers are less sensitive to temperature, and the crosstalk between detected parameters and temperature can be avoidable because the background materials of the special fiber are generally pure silica and air, whose thermal dependences are very low. Moreover, the existence of air holes provides a platform to integrate the fiber with optical functional materials, such as fluorescent materials, two-dimension nanomaterials, metallic materials, biochemical materials, photoelectric materials and so on. The sensing characteristics of fiber sensors could be improved by filling the photonic crystal fiber with optical functional materials. Meanwhile, the materials in the holes of the photonic crystal fiber can be protected from external mechanical damage, the stability of the sensors can be improved that way.

This Special Issue is focused on sensors based on photonic crystal fiber.

Dr. Qiang Liu
Dr. Lu Cai
Guest Editors

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Keywords

photonic crystal fibers
optical fiber sensors
special fibers
fluorescent materials
metallic materials
biochemical materials
photoelectric materials

Published Papers (3 papers)

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16 pages, 6773 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flat Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index with High Sensitivity

by Wei An, Chao Li, Dong Wang, Wenya Chen, Shijing Guo, Song Gao and Chunwei Zhang

Sensors 2022, 22(23), 9028; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22239028 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1462

Abstract

A compact temperature-refractive index (RI) flat photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is presented in this paper. Sensing of temperature and RI takes place in the x- and y- polarization, respectively, to avoid the sensing crossover, eliminating the need for matrix calculation. Simultaneous detection of dual parameters can be implemented by monitoring the loss spectrum of core modes in two polarizations. Compared with the reported multi-function sensors, the designed PCF sensor provides higher sensitivities for both RI and temperature detection. A maximum wavelength sensitivity of −5 nm/°C is achieved in the temperature range of −30–40 °C. An excellent optimal wavelength sensitivity of 17,000 nm/RIU is accomplished in the RI range of 1.32–1.41. The best amplitude sensitivity of RI is up to 354.39 RIU⁻¹. The resolution of RI and temperature sensing is 5.88 × 10⁻⁶ RIU and 0.02 °C, respectively. The highest value of the figure of merit (FOM) is 216.74 RIU⁻¹. In addition, the flat polishing area of the gold layer reduces the manufacturing difficulty. The proposed sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, simple structure, good fabrication repeatability, and flexible operation. It has potential in medical diagnosis, chemical inspection, and many other fields. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber)

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13 pages, 3928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation of a Temperature-Compensated Voltage Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber Infiltrated with Liquid Crystal and Ethanol

by Wei-Lin Wang, Qiang Liu, Zhao-Yang Liu, Qiang Wu and Yong-Qing Fu

Sensors 2022, 22(17), 6374; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176374 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1328

Abstract

A simulated design for a temperature-compensated voltage sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) infiltrated with liquid crystal and ethanol is presented in this paper. The holes distributed across the transverse section of the PCF provide two channels for mode coupling between the liquid crystal or ethanol and the fiber core. The couplings are both calculated accurately and explored theoretically using the finite element method (FEM). The influence of voltage on the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules and confinement loss of the fiber mode are studied. Liquid crystal molecules rotate which changes its properties as the voltage changes. As the characteristics of the liquid crystal will be affected by temperature, therefore, we further fill using ethanol, which is merely sensitive to temperature, into one hole of the PCF to realize temperature compensation. The simulated results show that the sensitivity is up to 1.29977 nm/V with the temperature of 25 °C when the voltage ranges from 365 to 565 V. The standard deviation of the wavelength difference is less than 2 nm within the temperature adjustment from 25 to 50 °C for temperature compensation. The impacts of the construction parameters of the PCF on sensing performances of this voltage sensor are also analyzed in this paper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber)

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11 pages, 2229 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hollow-Core Fiber-Based Biosensor: A Platform for Lab-in-Fiber Optical Biosensors for DNA Detection

by Foroogh Khozeymeh, Federico Melli, Sabrina Capodaglio, Roberto Corradini, Fetah Benabid, Luca Vincetti and Annamaria Cucinotta

Sensors 2022, 22(14), 5144; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145144 - 8 Jul 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1973

Abstract

In this paper, a novel platform for lab-in-fiber-based biosensors is studied. Hollow-core tube lattice fibers (HC-TLFs) are proposed as a label-free biosensor for the detection of DNA molecules. The particular light-guiding mechanism makes them a highly sensitive tool. Their transmission spectrum is featured by alternations of high and low transmittance at wavelength regions whose values depend on the thickness of the microstructured web composing the cladding around the hollow core. In order to achieve DNA detection by using these fibers, an internal chemical functionalization process of the fiber has been performed in five steps in order to link specific peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes, then the functionalized fiber was used for a three-step assay. When a solution containing a particular DNA sequence is made to flow through the HC of the TLF in an ‘optofluidic’ format, a bio-layer is formed on the cladding surfaces causing a red-shift of the fiber transmission spectrum. By comparing the fiber transmission spectra before and after the flowing it is possible to identify the eventual formation of the layer and, therefore, the presence or not of a particular DNA sequence in the solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber)

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