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Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications
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Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2022) | Viewed by 16851

Special Issue Editors

Dr. José Miguel Jiménez Herranz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Institute for the Integrated Management of Coastal Zones (IGIC), Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 València, Spain
Interests: network protocols; network algorithms; network security; Multimedia; WSN; IoT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Pascal Lorenz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Network and Telecommunication, University of Haute Alsace, 68008 Colmar, France
Interests: QoS; wireless networks and high-speed networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dhananjay Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ReSESNE Labs, Department of Electronics Engineering, Hankuk (Korea) University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), Seoul 02450, Republic of Korea
Interests: AI; IoT; smart city; e-healthcare; blockchain; connected vehicles; wireless communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Communications networks are exponentially increasing the volumes of data traffic. Millimeter-wave (mmWave), THz wireless local area, and cellular networks can support very high download speeds. They have become one of the most interesting techniques to be applied in different areas such as positioning systems, communication between devices, and sensing or imaging transmission, among others. The coverage of mmWave networks has been expanded due to the application of large-scale mmWave antenna arrays. Thanks to the short wavelengths, large antenna arrays can be packed into small dimension supports. We can join more antenna elements in mmWave frequencies than in microwaves facilitating the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Antenna arrays can be designed to provide a high-gain link from antennas to end devices. However, physical elements must also be enhanced to support highly directional transmission links, extremely low latencies, and high peak data rates. The application of these antennas in the sensors will allow increasing their applications. For example, it will allow us to create images of physical spaces, through the systematic monitoring of signal signatures received at a wide range of different angles. It will be also possible to detect the presence of some materials or gasses, based on frequency sweep spectroscopy, at frequencies in the THz band.

This Special Issue will reflect current research trends and novel approaches related to the issues of Waveguide Transitions designs and propagation for 5G millimeter-wave applications for mmWave antenna arrays.

The key areas for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • mmWave antennas and systems for the future 5G
  • Beamforming and energy efficiency systems
  • Novel design of waveguide to transition at mmWave
  • Simulations of antenna design and antenna measurement
  • Network planning and interference
  • Channel measurement and modeling for
  • System performance assessment and optimization
  • New case uses and applications mmWave antenna arrays communications

Dr. José Miguel Jiménez-Herranz
Prof. Dr. Pascal Lorenz
Assoc. Pro Dhananjay Singh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antenna Arrays
  • mmWave
  • Terahertz (THz)
  • Short wavelengths
  • 5G
  • Propagation measurements
  • Beamforming

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 918 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Wideband Narrow Wall Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition Using Overlapped Patches
by Ivan Zhou and Jordi Romeu Robert
Sensors 2022, 22(8), 2964; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082964 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2083
Abstract
An ultrawideband rectangular waveguide to microstrip line transition operating at the whole LMDS and Ka band is presented. The transition is based on exciting three overlapped transversal patches that radiate into the narrow wall of the waveguide, making the design feasible to be [...] Read more.
An ultrawideband rectangular waveguide to microstrip line transition operating at the whole LMDS and Ka band is presented. The transition is based on exciting three overlapped transversal patches that radiate into the narrow wall of the waveguide, making the design feasible to be used in λg/2 spaced phased arrays. Both top-side and bottom-side versions were designed and compared to show their differences. They were validated by means of a manufactured back-to-back (B2B) configuration, with a measured fractional bandwidth of 21.2% (top-side) and 23% (bottom-side). The maximum single transition measured insertion losses were 0.67 dB (top-side) and 0.85 dB (bottom-side) in the whole band of operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications)
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13 pages, 4110 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Phase Noise on the Anti-Jamming Performance of Power Inversion Algorithm
by Minglei Zhou, Qing Wang, Fangmin He and Jin Meng
Sensors 2022, 22(6), 2362; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062362 - 18 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1935
Abstract
Power inversion (PI) is a known adaptive beamforming algorithm that is widely used in wireless communication systems for anti-jamming purposes. The PI algorithm is typically implemented in a digital domain, which requires the radio-frequency signals to be down-converted into base-band signals, and then [...] Read more.
Power inversion (PI) is a known adaptive beamforming algorithm that is widely used in wireless communication systems for anti-jamming purposes. The PI algorithm is typically implemented in a digital domain, which requires the radio-frequency signals to be down-converted into base-band signals, and then sampled by ADCs. In practice, the down-conversion circuit will introduce phase noises into the base-band signals, which may degrade the performance of the algorithm. At present, the impacts of phase noise on the PI algorithm have not been studied, according to the open literature, which is, however, important for practical design. Therefore, in this paper, we present a theoretical analysis on the impacts, provide a new mathematical model of the PI algorithm, and offer a closed-form formula of the interference cancellation ratio (ICR) to quantify the relations between the algorithm performance and the phase noise level, as well as the number of auxiliary antennas. We find that the ICR in decibel decreases logarithmically linearly with the phase noise variance. In addition, the ICR improves with an increasing number of auxiliary antennas, but the increment is upper-bounded. The above findings are verified with both simulated and measured phase noise data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications)
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12 pages, 5098 KiB  
Article
High-Gain Omnidirectional Dual-Polarized Antenna for Sink Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks
by Yongjian Zhang and Yue Li
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030788 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
In wireless sensor networks (WSN), a sink node receives signals from a large number of sensor nodes. Hence, the sink nodes are required to integrate compact antennas with high performances, such as high gain, dual polarizations, and omnidirectional radiation. In this paper, a [...] Read more.
In wireless sensor networks (WSN), a sink node receives signals from a large number of sensor nodes. Hence, the sink nodes are required to integrate compact antennas with high performances, such as high gain, dual polarizations, and omnidirectional radiation. In this paper, a high-gain omnidirectional dual-polarized (HGODP) antenna with a slot-cavity structure is proposed for WSN. The proposed antenna integrates dual omnidirectional antennas with orthogonal polarizations, i.e., a thin open-ended cavity for horizontal polarization and four folded slots for vertical polarization. Due to the orthogonal operating modes of the dual polarizations, the antenna configuration is constructed within a compact volume, but with an independent design. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured within a ruler-like profile. The experimental results show that the realized gains are higher than 6.5 dBi and are achieved for both dual polarizations in 2.37~2.54 GHz. With the merits of high gain, high isolation, and omnidirectional radiation, the proposed compact antenna exhibits promising usage for sink nodes in WSN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications)
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15 pages, 8104 KiB  
Article
Design and Performance Analysis of a Compact Planar MIMO Antenna for IoT Applications
by Saminathan Thiruvenkadam, Eswaran Parthasarathy, Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy, Sachin Kumar and Lulu Wang
Sensors 2021, 21(23), 7909; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237909 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2887
Abstract
This article presents a quad-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed antenna consists of four quarter-wavelength asymmetrical meandered radiators, microstrip feed lines, and modified ground planes. The antenna elements are arranged in a chiral pattern to improve [...] Read more.
This article presents a quad-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed antenna consists of four quarter-wavelength asymmetrical meandered radiators, microstrip feed lines, and modified ground planes. The antenna elements are arranged in a chiral pattern to improve isolation between them, with two radiators and two ground planes placed on the front side of the substrate and the other two on the back side. The MIMO antenna has an operating bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 1.76–1.84 GHz, 2.37–2.56 GHz, 3.23–3.68 GHz, and 5.34–5.84 GHz, covering GSM, WLAN, WiMAX, and 5G frequency bands. The isolation between the radiating elements is greater than 18 dB in the operating bands. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.6 dBi, and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.04. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is validated for IoT-based smart home (SH) applications. The prototype MIMO antenna is integrated with a commercially available ZigBee device, and the measured values are found to be consistent with the expected results. The proposed MIMO antenna could be a good candidate for IoT systems/modules due to its low profile, compact size, lightweight, and easy integration with wireless communication devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications)
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12 pages, 5134 KiB  
Article
A 12–20 GHz Wideband High-Power SP2T Switch Based on Gap Waveguide Technology
by Abdullah J. Alazemi, Ali Farahbakhsh and Davoud Zarifi
Sensors 2021, 21(16), 5396; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165396 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3101
Abstract
A novel wideband high-power single-pole two-throw (SP2T) switch based on gap waveguide technology is presented in this article. The proposed switch has a SP2T structure and consists of three standard WR62 waveguide ports. Due to the advantage of gap waveguide technology, the switch [...] Read more.
A novel wideband high-power single-pole two-throw (SP2T) switch based on gap waveguide technology is presented in this article. The proposed switch has a SP2T structure and consists of three standard WR62 waveguide ports. Due to the advantage of gap waveguide technology, the switch design structure requires no electrical contact between its different parts, and the leakage of the electromagnetic wave is suppressed. The proposed switch has an air gap between its parts. As a result, the sliding part of the switch can be moved freely to change the switch states. Consequently, a low-precision and low-cost fabrication can be utilized. The simulation and measurement of the proposed switch indicate that a 50% operating frequency bandwidth covering the range of 12–20 GHz can be achieved. The switch input return-loss is better than 15 dB within the frequency bandwidth, whereas the insertion loss and isolation levels of the proposed design are above 0.15 dB and better than 65 dB, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications)
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18 pages, 8411 KiB  
Article
Design of a Single-Layer ±45° Dual-Polarized Directional Array Antenna for Millimeter Wave Applications
by Qinyi Lv, Yu-Hang Yang, Shi-Gang Zhou, Chan Shao, Deyun Zhou and Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4326; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134326 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2709
Abstract
A single-layer ±45° dual-polarized directional array antenna for millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications is designed in this communication. Based on the theory of orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) wave multiplexing, two ports of a series-fed dual CP array are fed with equal amplitudes, and the [...] Read more.
A single-layer ±45° dual-polarized directional array antenna for millimeter wave (mm-wave) applications is designed in this communication. Based on the theory of orthogonal circularly polarized (CP) wave multiplexing, two ports of a series-fed dual CP array are fed with equal amplitudes, and the array can radiate a linearly polarized wave with ±45° polarization orientations through the adjustment of the feeding phase difference. As the two ports of the series-fed array are simultaneously excited, the antenna can achieve directional radiation. In addition, the cross-polarization level of the array can be effectively suppressed by placing two series-fed arrays side by side. A prototype of the designed array antenna operating at 30 GHz is fabricated and measured; the working bandwidth of the proposed antenna is approximately 3.5%. Owing to its simple structure and directional radiation, the proposed antenna array is a competitive candidate for mm-wave applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waveguide Transitions for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Arrays Communications)
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