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Sensors for Olfaction and Taste
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Sensors for Olfaction and Taste

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 10566

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hidefumi Mitsuno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
Interests: Insect olfaction; Olfactory receptor; Gustatory receptor; Genetic engineering; Cell-based biosensor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Takeshi Sakurai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
Interests: insect olfaction; olfactory transduction; olfactory receptor; odorant binding protein; insect-based odorant sensor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Noriyasu Ando

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadorimachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
Interests: insect olfaction; insect behavior; robotic odor searching; biomimetic robot; bio-hybrid robot

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Living organisms sensitively perceive trace amounts of chemical substances (odorants and tastants) in the environment to exhibit adaptive behaviors. The mechanism of biological chemosensory perception has been the focus of attention in various scientific fields over the years. Many researchers have clarified the mechanisms of chemosensory systems, from mechanisms related to genetic information to those related to chemical reception, information processing, and behavioral expression, and it is now possible to reconstruct these mechanisms using engineering technologies. In particular, focusing on olfaction in living organisms, odor-sensing technologies with higher sensitivity and selectivity than expected have been proposed, and some of them are now being studied for practical applications. In addition, by combining such sensors with information processing and robotics technologies, a variety of application technologies are being developed, such as odor information processing and mobile robots equipped with odor source search algorithms. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest research on the mechanisms of olfaction and taste in living organisms, and the sensing technologies related to them. We welcome contributions on olfactory mechanisms, their information processing, behavioral algorithms, mobile robots, and their combinations, which are expected to be applied to sensing technologies.

Dr. Hidefumi Mitsuno
Dr. Takeshi Sakurai
Dr. Noriyasu Ando
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biosensors/biosensor systems
  • Chemical sensors/chemical sensor systems
  • Molecular mechanisms in olfaction and taste
  • Odorant receptor and gustatory/taste receptor
  • Odorant-binding protein
  • Olfactory processing
  • Behavioral algorithms
  • Robotics/bio-hybrid robots/biomimetic robots

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 8816 KiB  
Article
Study on the Psychological States of Olfactory Stimuli Using Electroencephalography and Heart Rate Variability
by Tipporn Laohakangvalvit, Peeraya Sripian, Yuri Nakagawa, Chen Feng, Toshiaki Tazawa, Saaya Sakai and Midori Sugaya
Sensors 2023, 23(8), 4026; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084026 - 16 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
In the modern information society, people are constantly exposed to stress due to complex work environments and various interpersonal relationships. Aromatherapy is attracting attention as one of the methods for relieving stress using aroma. A method to quantitatively evaluate such an effect is [...] Read more.
In the modern information society, people are constantly exposed to stress due to complex work environments and various interpersonal relationships. Aromatherapy is attracting attention as one of the methods for relieving stress using aroma. A method to quantitatively evaluate such an effect is necessary to clarify the effect of aroma on the human psychological state. In this study, we propose a method of using two biological indexes, electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV), to evaluate human psychological states during the inhalation of aroma. The purpose is to investigate the relationship between biological indexes and the psychological effect of aromas. First, we conducted an aroma presentation experiment using seven different olfactory stimuli while collecting data from EEG and pulse sensors. Next, we extracted the EEG and HRV indexes from the experimental data and analyzed them with respect to the olfactory stimuli. Our study found that olfactory stimuli have a strong effect on psychological states during aroma stimuli and that the human response to olfactory stimuli is immediate but gradually adapts to a more neutral state. The EEG and HRV indexes showed significant differences between aromas and unpleasant odors especially for male participants in their 20–30s, while the delta wave and RMSSD indexes showed potential for generalizing the method to evaluate psychological states influenced by olfactory stimuli across genders and generations. The results suggest the possibility of using EEG and HRV indexes to evaluate psychological states toward olfactory stimuli such as aroma. In addition, we visualized the psychological states affected by the olfactory stimuli on an emotion map, suggesting an appropriate range of EEG frequency bands for evaluating psychological states applied to the olfactory stimuli. The novelty of this research lies in our proposed method to provide a more detailed picture of the psychological responses to olfactory stimuli using the integration of biological indexes and emotion map, which contributes to the areas such as marketing and product design by providing insights into the emotional responses of consumers to different olfactory products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Olfaction and Taste)
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10 pages, 2602 KiB  
Article
Xenopus laevis Oocyte Array Fluidic Device Integrated with Microelectrodes for A Compact Two-Electrode Voltage Clamping System
by Nobuo Misawa, Mitsuyoshi Tomida, Yuji Murakami, Hidefumi Mitsuno and Ryohei Kanzaki
Sensors 2023, 23(5), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052370 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
We report on a compact two-electrode voltage clamping system composed of microfabricated electrodes and a fluidic device for Xenopus laevis oocytes. The device was fabricated by assembling Si-based electrode chips and acrylic frames to form fluidic channels. After the installation of Xenopus oocytes [...] Read more.
We report on a compact two-electrode voltage clamping system composed of microfabricated electrodes and a fluidic device for Xenopus laevis oocytes. The device was fabricated by assembling Si-based electrode chips and acrylic frames to form fluidic channels. After the installation of Xenopus oocytes into the fluidic channels, the device can be separated in order to measure changes in oocyte plasma membrane potential in each channel using an external amplifier. Using fluid simulations and experiments, we investigated the success rates of Xenopus oocyte arrays and electrode insertion with respect to the flow rate. We successfully located each oocyte in the array and detected oocyte responses to chemical stimuli using our device. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Olfaction and Taste)
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12 pages, 12530 KiB  
Article
Robust Moth-Inspired Algorithm for Odor Source Localization Using Multimodal Information
by Shunsuke Shigaki, Mayu Yamada, Daisuke Kurabayashi and Koh Hosoda
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1475; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031475 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2243
Abstract
Odor-source localization, by which one finds the source of an odor by detecting the odor itself, is an important ability to possess in order to search for leaking gases, explosives, and disaster survivors. Although many animals possess this ability, research on implementing olfaction [...] Read more.
Odor-source localization, by which one finds the source of an odor by detecting the odor itself, is an important ability to possess in order to search for leaking gases, explosives, and disaster survivors. Although many animals possess this ability, research on implementing olfaction in robotics is still developing. We developed a novel algorithm that enables a robot to localize an odor source indoors and outdoors by taking inspiration from the adult male silk moth, which we used as the target organism. We measured the female-localization behavior of the silk moth by using a virtual reality (VR) system to obtain the relationship between multiple sensory stimuli and behavior during the localization behavior. The results showed that there were two types of search active and inactive depending on the direction of odor and wind detection. In an active search, the silk moth moved faster as the odor-detection frequency increased, whereas in the inactive search, they always moved slower under all odor-detection frequencies. This phenomenon was constructed as a robust moth-inspired (RMI) algorithm and implemented on a ground-running robot. Experiments on odor-source localization in three environments with different degrees of environmental complexity showed that the RMI algorithm has the best localization performance among conventional moth-inspired algorithms. Analysis of the trajectories showed that the robot could move smoothly through the odor plume even when the environment became more complex. This indicates that switching and modulating behavior based on the direction of odor and wind detection contributes to the adaptability and robustness of odor-source localization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Olfaction and Taste)
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15 pages, 2027 KiB  
Article
Odor Source Localization in Obstacle Regions Using Switching Planning Algorithms with a Switching Framework
by Duc-Nhat Luong and Daisuke Kurabayashi
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031140 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
Odor source localization (OSL) robots are essential for safety and rescue teams to overcome the problem of human exposure to hazardous chemical plumes. However, owing to the complicated geometry of environments, it is almost impossible to construct the dispersion model of the odor [...] Read more.
Odor source localization (OSL) robots are essential for safety and rescue teams to overcome the problem of human exposure to hazardous chemical plumes. However, owing to the complicated geometry of environments, it is almost impossible to construct the dispersion model of the odor plume in practical situations to be used for probabilistic odor source search algorithms. Additionally, as time is crucial in OSL tasks, dynamically modifying the robot’s balance of emphasis between exploration and exploitation is desired. In this study, we addressed both the aforementioned problems by simplifying the environment with an obstacle region into multiple sub-environments with different resolutions. Subsequently, a framework was introduced to switch between the Infotaxis and Dijkstra algorithms to navigate the agent and enable it to reach the source swiftly. One algorithm was used to guide the agent in searching for clues about the source location, whereas the other facilitated the active movement of the agent between sub-environments. The proposed algorithm exhibited improvements in terms of success rate and search time. Furthermore, the implementation of the proposed framework on an autonomous mobile robot verified its effectiveness. Improvements were observed in our experiments with a robot when the success rate increased 3.5 times and the average moving steps of the robot were reduced by nearly 35%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Olfaction and Taste)
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13 pages, 2994 KiB  
Article
Effect of Hydroxybenzoic Acids on Caffeine Detection Using Taste Sensor with Lipid/Polymer Membranes
by Zeyu Zhao, Misaki Ishida, Takeshi Onodera and Kiyoshi Toko
Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1607; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041607 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1804
Abstract
A taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes can objectively evaluate taste. As previously reported, caffeine can be detected electrically using lipid/polymer membranes modified with hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs). However, a systematic understanding of how HBAs contribute to caffeine detection is still lacking. In this study, [...] Read more.
A taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes can objectively evaluate taste. As previously reported, caffeine can be detected electrically using lipid/polymer membranes modified with hydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs). However, a systematic understanding of how HBAs contribute to caffeine detection is still lacking. In this study, we used various HBAs such as 2,6–dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6–DHBA) to modify lipid/polymer membranes, and we detected caffeine using a taste sensor with the modified membranes. The effect of the concentrations of the HBAs on caffeine detection was also discussed. The results of the caffeine detection indicated that the response to caffeine and the reference potential measured in a reference solution were affected by the log P and pKa of HBAs. Furthermore, the taste sensor displayed high sensitivity to caffeine when the reference potential was adjusted to an appropriate range by modification with 2,6–DHBA, where the slope of the change in reference potential with increasing 2,6–DHBA concentration was steep. This is helpful in order to improve the sensitivity of taste sensors to other taste substances, such as theophylline and theobromine, in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Olfaction and Taste)
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