Change in the Distribution Pattern of Dirofilaria immitis in Gran Canaria (Hyperendemic Island) between 1994 and 2020
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Characteristics of Gran Canaria
2.2. Samples
2.3. Study Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Total Prevalence According to the Year in Dogs and Cats
3.2. Total Prevalence According to the Year in Humans
3.3. Difference in Prevalence between 3 Study Groups in General
3.3.1. Total Prevalence
3.3.2. According to the Climate Conditions
3.4. Between 2018 and 2020
3.5. Influence of Habitat on Dogs and Cats between 2018 and 2020
Positives’ Evolution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Dogs | Cats | Humans | Diagnostic Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
1994 | 567 [20] | Dogs: Haemagglutination test * | ||
1995 | 779 [20] | Dogs: Haemagglutination test * | ||
1996 | 688 [20] | Dogs: Haemagglutination test * | ||
2000 | 255 [22] | Dogs: Commercial ELISA test kit ** | ||
2002 | 310 [22] | Dogs: Commercial ELISA test kit ** | ||
2003 | 49 [21] | Cats: Non-commercial ELISA technique | ||
2007 | 551 [22] | Dogs: Commercial ELISA test kit ** | ||
2008 | 697 [23] | 493 [23] | Dogs: Commercial ELISA test kit ** Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique | |
2010 | 547 [25] | 109 [25] | 100 [25] | Dogs: Commercial ELISA test kit ** Cats: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique |
2011 | 300 [24] | Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique | ||
2015 | 478 [26] | 338 [26] | 300 [27] | Dogs: Commercial immunochromatographic test kit *** Cats: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique |
2018 | 404 | 320 | 115 [28] | Dogs: Commercial immunochromatographic test kit *** Cats: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique |
2019 | 350 | 201 | 163 | Dogs: Commercial immunochromatographic test kit *** Cats: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique |
2020 | 215 | 186 | 133 | Dogs: Commercial immunochromatographic test kit *** Cats: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique Humans: Non-commercial ELISA (antibodies) technique |
Year | Dogs’ Prevalence | Cats’ Seroprevalence | Humans’ Seroprevalence |
---|---|---|---|
1994 | 67.02% [20] | ||
1995 | 58.92% [20] | ||
1996 | 52.18% [20] | ||
2000 | 30.19% [22] | ||
2002 | 24.50% [22] | ||
2003 | 18.37% [21] | ||
2007 | 20.40% [22] | ||
2008 | 19.36% [23] | 18.66% [23] | |
2010 | 19.20% [25] | 33.03% [25] | 12% [25] |
2011 | 13.3% [24] | ||
2015 | 20.77% [26] | 21.30% [26] | 9% [27] |
2018 | 16.09% | 17.19% | 10.43% [28] |
2019 | 15.71% | 17.91% | 9.2% |
2020 | 15.81% | 17.20% | 8.27% |
Dogs | Cats | Humans | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DD Climate positives + | 36.00 ± 33.92 (21.53 ± 13.23) | 9.17 ± 14.66 (9.85 ± 9.56) | 8.14 ± 12.43 (9.99 ± 3.73) | p = 0.023 |
TM Climate positives + | 54.92 ± 50.09 (37.36 ± 18.94) | 16.00 ± 9.01 (24.60 ± 10.42) | 10.86 ± 7.27 (16.69 ± 7.05) | p = 0.005 |
TC Climate positives + | 38.25 ± 43.06 (33.44 ± 25.15) | 5.17 ± 2.93 (29.41 ± 11.64) | 3.57 ± 4.83 (12.78 ± 6.56) | p = 0.002 |
DS Climate positives + | 33.83 ± 24.42 (35.29 ± 25.88) | 9.67 ± 7.15 (21.67 ± 13.21) | 7.29 ± 9.93 (10.68 ± 8.09) | p = 0.008 |
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Montoya-Alonso, J.A.; García-Rodríguez, S.N.; Matos, J.I.; Costa-Rodríguez, N.; Falcón-Cordón, Y.; Carretón, E.; Morchón, R. Change in the Distribution Pattern of Dirofilaria immitis in Gran Canaria (Hyperendemic Island) between 1994 and 2020. Animals 2024, 14, 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142037
Montoya-Alonso JA, García-Rodríguez SN, Matos JI, Costa-Rodríguez N, Falcón-Cordón Y, Carretón E, Morchón R. Change in the Distribution Pattern of Dirofilaria immitis in Gran Canaria (Hyperendemic Island) between 1994 and 2020. Animals. 2024; 14(14):2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142037
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontoya-Alonso, José Alberto, Sara Nieves García-Rodríguez, Jorge Isidoro Matos, Noelia Costa-Rodríguez, Yaiza Falcón-Cordón, Elena Carretón, and Rodrigo Morchón. 2024. "Change in the Distribution Pattern of Dirofilaria immitis in Gran Canaria (Hyperendemic Island) between 1994 and 2020" Animals 14, no. 14: 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14142037