Frequent Karaoke Training Improves Frontal Executive Cognitive Skills, Tongue Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Elderly People: Pilot Study from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Trial Design and Setting
2.2. Participants
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Overview of Interventions
2.5. Karaoke Training (Intervention Group)
2.6. Scratch Art (Active Control Group)
2.7. Cognitive Function Measures
2.8. Physical Function Measures
2.9. Psychological Measures
2.10. Other and Sarcopenia Measures
2.11. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Background Characteristics
3.2. Cognitive Function
3.3. Physical Function
3.4. Psychological Measures
3.5. Summary
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criterion | Intervention Group | Control Group | T-Test p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 14) | (n = 12) | ||||
Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | ||
Age, years | 80.00 (7.46) | 70 to 93 | 83.58 (7.18) | 69 to 93 | 0.23 |
Sex (% female) | 71.43 | 83.33 | 0.49 | ||
Education (% with >12 years) | 28.57 | 60.00 | 0.28 | ||
ADL score | 84.11 (19.75) | 40 to 100 | 94.79 (8.36) | 75 to 100 | 0.09 |
IADL score | 99.64 (1.34) | 95 to 100 | 96.67 (6.15) | 80 to 100 | 0.09 |
MoCA score | 24.57 (3.39) | 19 to 30 | 24.25 (5.01) | 12 to 30 | 0.85 |
FAB total score | 13.14 (3.42) | 6 to 17 | 12.92 (3.23) | 8 to 17 | 0.86 |
GDS score | 4.36 (2.71) | 0 to 8 | 6.08 (3.12) | 1 to 12 | 0.14 |
LSI-K score | 5.00 (1.84) | 3 to 8 | 3.83 (1.99) | 1 to 7 | 0.13 |
Tongue pressure (kPa) | 27.12 (8.08) | 16.70 to 42.25 | 26.45 (6.78) | 13.10 to 34.30 | 0.82 |
FVC (liter) | 1.85 (0.58) | 0.65 to 2.80 | 1.76 (0.58) | 0.66 to 2.66 | 0.68 |
FEV1 (liter) | 1.42 (0.48) | 0.56 to 2.27 | 1.30 (0.29) | 0.81 to 1.88 | 0.48 |
FIV1 (liter) | 0.49 (0.41) | 0.00 to 1.06 | 0.71 (0.46) | 0.00 to 1.25 | 0.20 |
Body height (cm) | 155.00 (12.60) | 131.0 to 178.0 | 149.90 (8.01) | 140.0 to 169.0 | 0.24 |
Body weight (kg) | 57.84 (15.81) | 33.6 to 86.7 | 49.54 (8.49) | 33.80 to 61.20 | 0.12 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.73 (4.02) | 16.7 to 30.7 | 22.08 (3.77) | 16.30 to 29.90 | 0.29 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 6.45 (1.40) | 4.1 to 9.4 | 5.81 (0.81) | 4.4 to 7.4 | 0.18 |
Intervention Group (n = 13) | Control Group (n = 10) | ANCOVA p-Value | Permutation p-Value | Effect Size (η2) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
MoCA score | 0.92 | 1.30 | 0.00 | 3.02 | 0.523 | 0.667 | 0.02 |
FAB total score | 0.77 | 1.97 | –1.80 | 2.44 | 0.011 | 0.013 * | 0.31 |
GDS score | –0.77 | 2.91 | –2.00 | 3.19 | 0.965 | 1.000 | 0.00 |
LSI-K score | 0.54 | 1.50 | 0.10 | 2.26 | 0.181 | 0.233 | 0.01 |
Tongue pressure (kPa) | 3.71 | 5.96 | –1.55 | 3.40 | 0.050 | 0.040 * | 0.22 |
FVC (liter) | 0.26 | 0.30 | –0.04 | 0.31 | 0.170 | 0.163 | 0.11 |
FEV1 (liter) | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.521 | 0.667 | 0.03 |
FIV1 (liter) | 0.18 | 0.37 | –0.29 | 0.42 | 0.036 | 0.047 * | 0.25 |
Intervention Group (n = 14) | Control Group (n = 12) | T-Test p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SD) | Range | Mean(SD | Range | ||
Similarities (conceptualization) | 1.57 (1.02) | 0 to 3 | 1.17 (0.83) | 0 to 2 | 0.280 |
Lexical Fluency (mental flexibility) | 2.07 (0.92) | 1 to 3 | 2.50 (0.67) | 1 to 3 | 0.194 |
Motor Series (programming) | 2.64 (0.63) | 1 to 3 | 2.92 (0.29) | 2 to 3 | 0.181 |
Conflicting Instructions (sensitivity to interference) | 2.21 (0.80) | 1 to 3 | 1.92 (1.31) | 0 to 3 | 0.485 |
Go No-Go (inhibitory control) | 1.64 (1.28) | 0 to 3 | 1.42 (1.31) | 0 to 3 | 0.661 |
Prehension Behavior (environmental autonomy) | 3.00 (0.00) | 3 | 3.00 (0.00) | 3 | 1.000 |
Intervention Group (n = 13) | Control Group (n = 10) | ANCOVA p-Value | Permutation p-Value | Effect Size (η2) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
Similarities (conceptualization) | −0.31 | 0.61 | 0.20 | 0.60 | 0.135 | 0.158 | 0.15 |
Lexical Fluency (mental flexibility) | 0.31 | 0.46 | −0.50 | 1.20 | 0.103 | 0.144 | 0.13 |
Motor Series (programming) | −0.31 | 0.82 | −1.30 | 0.90 | 0.113 | 0.108 | 0.13 |
Conflicting Instructions (sensitivity to interference) | 0.46 | 0.84 | −0.30 | 1.10 | 0.003 | 0.001 * | 0.41 |
Go No-Go (inhibitory control) | 0.69 | 1.07 | 0.10 | 1.30 | 0.013 | 0.015 * | 0.29 |
Prehension Behavior (environmental autonomy) | −0.08 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.469 | 0.824 | 0.06 |
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Miyazaki, A.; Mori, H. Frequent Karaoke Training Improves Frontal Executive Cognitive Skills, Tongue Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Elderly People: Pilot Study from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041459
Miyazaki A, Mori H. Frequent Karaoke Training Improves Frontal Executive Cognitive Skills, Tongue Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Elderly People: Pilot Study from a Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(4):1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041459
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiyazaki, Atsuko, and Hayato Mori. 2020. "Frequent Karaoke Training Improves Frontal Executive Cognitive Skills, Tongue Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Elderly People: Pilot Study from a Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041459