Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Cross-Sectional Study Design
2.2. The Longitudinal Study Design
2.3. Anthropometric and Clinical Measurements
2.4. Biochemical Analysis
2.5. Accelerometry
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Prepubertal | Pubertal | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Days of Physical activity | 4.65 ± 0.70 | 6.52 ± 0.86 | <000.1 |
Age (years) | 8.46 ± 1.37 | 13.84 ± 1.88 | <000.1 |
Females (%) | 42 (56.0) | ||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 21.92 ± 4.86 | 25.80 ± 6.78 | 0.001 |
BMI Z-Score | 1.79 ± 1.95 | 1.63 ± 1.89 | 0.610 |
Cole groups (%) | |||
Normal-weight | 23 (30.6) | 29 (38.6) | |
Overweight | 19 (25.3) | 18 (24.0) | |
With Obesity | 33 (44.0) | 28 (37.3) | |
Changes in BMI | |||
No changes (%) | 55 (73.3) | ||
Normal-weight | 21 | ||
Overweight | 9 | ||
Obesity | 25 | ||
Improvement (%) | 15 (20) | ||
Obesity to overweight | 7 | ||
Overweight to normal-weight | 7 | ||
Obesity to normal-weight | 1 | ||
Worsening (%) | 5 (6.7) | ||
Normal-weight to overweight | 2 | ||
Overweight to obesity | 3 | ||
Normal-weight to obesity | 0 |
Mean Values (min ± SD) | Relative Values (% ± SD) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prepubertal | Pubertal | Δ (%) | p | Prepubertal | Pubertal | Δ (%) | p | |
Sedentary | ||||||||
All | 443.3 ± 74.1 | 636.8 ± 164.2 | +43.6 | <0.001 | 56.0 ± 6.7 | 71.1 ± 8.2 | +15.1 | <0.001 |
Boys | 445.2 ± 78.1 | 661.9 ± 146.4 | +48.6 | <0.001 | 56.1 ± 6.3 | 71.6 ± 7.0 | +15.5 | <0.001 |
Girls | 441.8 ± 71.6 | 617.1 ± 176.1 | +39.6 | <0.001 | 55.9 ± 7.0 | 70.7 ± 9.1 | +14.8 | <0.001 |
Light PA | ||||||||
All | 286.8 ± 47.8 | 200.6 ± 50.1 | −32.0 | <0.001 | 36.7 ± 5.6 | 23.4 ± 6.9 | −13.3 | <0.001 |
Boys | 281.5 ± 43.7 | 202.7 ± 60.1 | −27.9 | <0.001 | 35.9 ± 4.8 | 22.5 ± 5.6 | −13.4 | <0.001 |
Girls | 291.0 ± 50.8 | 199.0 ± 51.5 | −31.6 | <0.001 | 37.3 ± 6.2 | 24.1 ± 7.8 | −13.2 | <0.001 |
Moderate PA | ||||||||
All | 40.9 ± 13.3 | 31.1 ± 12.3 | −23.9 | <0.001 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | −1.6 | <0.001 |
Boys | 43.7 ± 14.8 | 31.7 ± 13.3 | −27.4 | <0.001 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | −2.1 | <0.001 |
Girls | 38.6 ± 11.7 | 30.6 ± 11.6 | −20.7 | 0.003 | 4.9 ± 1.3 δ | 3.6 ± 1.5 | −1.3 δ | <0.001 |
Vigorous PA | ||||||||
All | 15.3 ± 9.2 | 15.2 ± 11.0 | −0.6 | 0.965 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.2 | −0.2 | 0.255 |
Boys | 17.4 ± 10.5 | 19.0 ± 10.2 | +9.1 | 0.379 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 0 | 0.809 |
Girls | 13.6 ± 7.8 | 12.2 ± 8.9 λ | −10.2 κ | 0.296 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 1.0 δ | −0.3 | 0.139 |
MVPA | ||||||||
All | 56.1 ± 20.4 | 45.5 ± 18.0 | −18.8 | <0.001 | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 2.3 | −1.8 | <0.001 |
Boys | 61.4 ± 22.4 | 49.3 ± 18.9 | −19.7 | 0.024 | 7.9 ± 2.8 | 5.6 ± 2.4 | −2.3 | 0.001 |
Girls | 52.1 ± 18.1 δ | 42.6 ± 16.9 | −18.2 | 0.008 | 6.6 ± 2.1 δ | 5.1 ± 2.2 | −1.5 δ | 0.001 |
Boys (%) | Girls (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
MVPA (min) | Prepubertal | Pubertal | Prepubertal | Pubertal |
<30 | 3 (9.0) | 7 (21.2) | 4 (9.5) | 12 (28.5) |
30–59.9 | 10 (30.3) | 17 (51.5) | 26 (61.9) | 20 (47.6) |
60–89.9 | 15 (45.4) | 9 (27.2) | 11 (26.1) | 10 (23.8) |
>90 | 5 (15.1) | 0 | 1 (2.3) | 0 |
Total Sample (n = 75) | Mean Values | Relative Values | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prepubertal | Pubertal | Δ (%) | p | Prepubertal | Pubertal | Δ (%) | p | |
Sedentary | ||||||||
NW | 429.3 ± 63.1 | 641.3 ± 174.5 δ | +49.3 | <0.001 | 55.5 ± 7.3 | 73.2 ± 8.1 | +17.7 | <0.001 |
OW | 428.1 ± 68.1 | 695.5 ± 120.5 λ | +62.4 | <0.001 | 56.5 ± 8.1 | 72.9 ± 5.7 | +16.4 | <0.001 |
OB | 444.9 ± 85.0 | 624.9 ± 152.6 | +40.4 κ | <0.001 | 55.9 ± 6.4 | 71.1 ± 8.0 | +15.2 | <0.001 |
Light PA | ||||||||
NW | 279.5 ± 46.6 | 186.2 ± 52.5 δ | −33.3 δ | <0.001 | 36.1 ± 5.3 | 21.7 ± 6.7 | −14.4 | <0.001 |
OW | 279.1 ± 52.9 | 208.4 ± 58.2 | −25.3 | <0.001 | 36.8 ± 6.6 | 21.9 ± 5.1 | −14.9 | <0.001 |
OB | 290.1 ± 54.7 | 204.1 ± 56.0 δ | −29.6 | <0.001 | 37.1 ± 5.8 | 23.7 ± 6.4 | −13.4 | <0.001 |
Moderate PA | ||||||||
NW | 45.4 ± 13.6 κ | 27.6 ± 12 δ | −39.2 κ | <0.001 | 5.8 ± 1.6 κ | 3.2 ± 1.5 | −2.6 | <0.001 |
OW | 36.7 ± 15.4 | 31.7 ± 12.5 | −13.6 | 0.004 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | −1.5 | <0.001 |
OB | 39.7 ± 12.4 λ | 30.5 ± 14.0 | −23.1 δ | <0.001 | 5.1 ± 1.4 λ | 3.5 ± 1.5 | −1.6 | <0.001 |
Vigorous PA | ||||||||
NW | 18.8 ± 12.2 λ | 15.1 ± 10.2 | −19.6 δ | 0.009 | 2.4 ± 1.4 κ | 1.7 ± 1.2 | −0.7 | <0.001 |
OW | 13.1 ± 9.7 | 16.6 ± 11.9 | +26.7 δ | 0.012 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 0 | 1.000 |
OB | 14.2 ± 7.5 λ | 13.2 ± 10.8 | −7.0 | 0.405 | 1.7 ± 0.9 κ | 1.5 ± 1.2 | −0.2 | 0.143 |
MVPA | ||||||||
NW | 61.9 ± 21.2 λ | 42.0 ± 18.8 | −32.1 δ | <0.001 | 8.2 ± 2.9 κ | 4.9 ± 2.4 | −3.3 | <0.001 |
OW | 49.8 ± 23.6 | 47.9 ± 19.9 | −3.8 | 0.482 | 6.5 ± 2.8 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | −1.5 | <0.001 |
OB | 54.8 ± 17.6 δ | 42.3 ± 19.7 | −22.8 | <0.001 | 6.9 ± 2.1 λ | 5.0 ± 2.4 | −1.9 | <0.001 |
Total Sample (n = 75) | Mean Values | Relative Values | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prepubertal | Pubertal | Δ (%) | p | Prepubertal (%) | Pubertal (%) | Δ (%) | p | |
Normal-Weight No Changes (n = 21) | ||||||||
Sedentary | 423.0 ± 60.6 | 595.0 ± 183.1 | +40.6 | 0.001 | 55.2 ± 6.3 | 69.9 ± 9.3 | +14.7 β | <0.001 |
Light | 279.7 ± 42.0 | 196.2 ± 56.2 | −29.8 β | <0.001 | 3.6 ± 4.6 | 24.1 ± 7.7 | −12.4 | <0.001 |
Moderate | 44.8 ± 10.5 | 30.5 ± 12.4 | −31.9 | 0.001 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | −2.0 β | 0.001 |
Vigorous | 17.9 ± 9.7 | 16.5 ± 10.0 | −7.8 | 0.523 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | −0.2 | 0.384 |
MVPA | 62.7 ± 19.2 | 47.0 ± 18.9 | −25.0 | 0.007 | 8.2 ± 2.4 | 5.8 ± 2.6 | −2.3 | 0.007 |
Overweight/With Obesity No changes (n = 34) | ||||||||
Sedentary | 445.8 ± 79.1 | 639.1 ± 162.1 | +43.3 | <0.001 | 55.4 ± 6.3 | 70.5 ± 7.4 | +15.1 β | <0.001 |
Light | 300.7 ± 45.7 | 210.5 ± 51.8 | −29.9 β | <0.001 | 37.6 ± 6.2 | 24.0 ± 6.5 | −13.5 β | <0.001 |
Moderate | 40.0 ± 12.4 | 32.2 ± 12.1 | −19.5 | 0.016 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | −1.3 | 0.001 |
Vigorous | 15.2 ± 9.6 | 14.9 ± 11.5 | −1.9 | 0.885 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | −0.2 | 0.294 |
MVPA | 56.3 ± 19.6 | 47.5 ± 18.8 | −15.6 | 0.066 | 6.9 ± 2.2 | 5.3 ± 1.9 | −1.6 | 0.005 |
Improving (n = 15) | ||||||||
Sedentary | 465.4 ± 70.4 | 728.6 ± 119.1 | +56.5 | <0.001 | 57.6 ± 5.4 | 76.5 ± 6.7 | +18.8 β | <0.001 |
Light | 274.9 ± 44.2 | 178.1 ± 62.6 | −35.2 β | <0.001 | 35.8 ± 4.0 | 19.2 ± 6.2 | −16.5 β | <0.001 |
Moderate | 37.5 ± 15.9 | 26.0 ± 10.0 | −30.6 | 0.020 | 4.8 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | −2.1 β | 0.003 |
Vigorous | 13.4 ± 7.8 | 13.9 ± 9.8 | +3.7 | 0.813 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | −0.1 | 0.626 |
MVPA | 50.6 ± 22.9 | 39.0 ± 15.9 | −22.9 | 0.045 | 6.4 ± 3.0 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | −2.2 | 0.010 |
Worsening (n = 5) | ||||||||
Sedentary | 444.6 ± 100.6 | 521.3 ± 85.3 | +17.2 | 0.285 | 58.5 ± 12.8 | 64.4 ± 5.6 | +5.8 δ,λ,κ | 0.329 |
Light | 263.1 ± 78.7 | 226.1 ± 20.7 | −14.0 δ,λ,κ | 0.354 | 34.5 ± 9.6 | 28.1 ± 2.8 | −6.3 λ,κ | 0.252 |
Moderate | 41.8 ± 20.8 | 43.1 ± 14.4 | +3.1 | 0.834 | 5.4 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 1.7 | −0.1 δ,κ | 0.932 |
Vigorous | 10.4 ± 7.2 | 16.0 ± 16.8 | +53.8 | 0.306 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | +0.5 | 0.383 |
MVPA | 42.3 ± 16.3 | 46.5 ± 13.0 | +9.9 | 0.630 | 6.8 ± 3.2 | 7.3 ± 3.7 | +0.5 | 0.595 |
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Llorente-Cantarero, F.J.; Aguilar-Gómez, F.J.; Anguita-Ruiz, A.; Rupérez, A.I.; Vázquez-Cobela, R.; Flores-Rojas, K.; Aguilera, C.M.; Gonzalez-Gil, E.M.; Gil-Campos, M.; Bueno-Lozano, G.; et al. Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197227
Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Aguilar-Gómez FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Rupérez AI, Vázquez-Cobela R, Flores-Rojas K, Aguilera CM, Gonzalez-Gil EM, Gil-Campos M, Bueno-Lozano G, et al. Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19):7227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197227
Chicago/Turabian StyleLlorente-Cantarero, Francisco Jesús, Francisco Javier Aguilar-Gómez, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Azahara Iris Rupérez, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Katherine Flores-Rojas, Concepción M. Aguilera, Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil, Mercedes Gil-Campos, Gloria Bueno-Lozano, and et al. 2020. "Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7227. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197227