Automatic Markerless Motion Detector Method against Traditional Digitisation for 3-Dimensional Movement Kinematic Analysis of Ball Kicking in Soccer Field Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Acquisition
2.2. Motion Tracking
2.2.1. Manual Digitisation
2.2.2. Markerless System
2.3. Data Treatment and Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Marker | Position | Velocity | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X-Axis | Y-Axis | Z-Axis | ||||||||||
Overall | Min | Max | Overall | Min | Max | Overall | Min | Max | Overall | Min | Max | |
Non-dominant hip | 0.01 | −0.14 | 0.15 | −0.10 | −0.29 | 0.11 | −0.77 | −5.03 | 4.22 | −0.08 | −0.25 | 0.00 |
Dominant hip | −0.19 | −0.34 | 0.44 | −0.32 | −0.63 | −0.16 | 1.40 | −3.99 | 6.33 | −0.01 | −0.11 | 0.08 |
Knee | −0.04 | −0.39 | 0.45 | −0.15 | −0.23 | 0.00 | −6.40 | −12.32 | −2.78 | −0.02 | −0.13 | 0.12 |
Ankle | −0.39 | −0.84 | −0.17 | −0.15 | −0.38 | 0.05 | 0.88 | −4.71 | 4.12 | 0.00 | −0.07 | 0.05 |
Calcaneus | 0.29 | −1.07 | 0.96 | 0.06 | −0.08 | 0.22 | 0.75 | −4.57 | 5.50 | −0.05 | −0.21 | 0.05 |
5th metatarsal head | −0.19 | −1.71 | 0.15 | −0.10 | −0.39 | 0.05 | −0.34 | −6.22 | 1.85 | −0.02 | −0.11 | 0.04 |
CMfoot | −0.11 | −1.23 | 0.26 | −0.07 | −0.23 | 0.10 | 0.61 | −3.76 | 2.36 | −0.02 | −0.11 | 0.05 |
Marker | Support Phase | Contact Phase | Whole Kick Cycle | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X | Y | Z | All | VEL | X | Y | Z | All | VEL | X | Y | Z | All | VEL | |
Non-dominant hip | 2.76 | 1.86 | 6.54 | 3.72 | 1.42 | 3.11 | 2.82 | 7.03 | 4.32 | 1.66 | 2.88 | 2.20 | 6.71 | 3.93 | 1.50 |
Dominant hip | 2.65 | 2.49 | 5.88 | 3.67 | 1.06 | 3.04 | 2.91 | 8.98 | 4.98 | 1.29 | 2.79 | 2.63 | 6.96 | 4.13 | 1.14 |
Knee | 1.91 | 2.45 | 4.40 | 2.92 | 0.84 | 1.91 | 3.19 | 3.31 | 2.80 | 1.14 | 1.91 | 2.71 | 4.02 | 2.88 | 0.95 |
Ankle | 3.29 | 2.09 | 5.48 | 3.62 | 1.54 | 3.02 | 1.99 | 4.68 | 3.23 | 1.06 | 3.19 | 2.05 | 5.20 | 3.48 | 1.37 |
Calcaneus | 4.44 | 2.22 | 5.47 | 4.04 | 1.10 | 4.62 | 2.59 | 3.84 | 3.68 | 2.12 | 4.50 | 2.35 | 4.90 | 3.92 | 1.45 |
5th metatarsal head | 2.60 | 1.98 | 5.59 | 3.39 | 1.23 | 3.40 | 2.13 | 3.70 | 3.08 | 1.81 | 2.88 | 2.03 | 4.93 | 3.28 | 1.43 |
CMfoot | 2.50 | 1.41 | 4.87 | 2.93 | 1.14 | 2.93 | 1.41 | 3.18 | 2.51 | 1.24 | 2.65 | 1.41 | 4.28 | 2.78 | 1.17 |
Overall | 2.88 | 2.07 | 5.46 | 3.47 | 1.19 | 3.15 | 2.43 | 4.96 | 3.51 | 1.47 | 2.97 | 2.20 | 5.29 | 3.49 | 1.29 |
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Palucci Vieira, L.H.; Santiago, P.R.P.; Pinto, A.; Aquino, R.; Torres, R.d.S.; Barbieri, F.A. Automatic Markerless Motion Detector Method against Traditional Digitisation for 3-Dimensional Movement Kinematic Analysis of Ball Kicking in Soccer Field Context. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031179
Palucci Vieira LH, Santiago PRP, Pinto A, Aquino R, Torres RdS, Barbieri FA. Automatic Markerless Motion Detector Method against Traditional Digitisation for 3-Dimensional Movement Kinematic Analysis of Ball Kicking in Soccer Field Context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031179
Chicago/Turabian StylePalucci Vieira, Luiz H., Paulo R. P. Santiago, Allan Pinto, Rodrigo Aquino, Ricardo da S. Torres, and Fabio A. Barbieri. 2022. "Automatic Markerless Motion Detector Method against Traditional Digitisation for 3-Dimensional Movement Kinematic Analysis of Ball Kicking in Soccer Field Context" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031179