A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater–Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microbiological Surveillance in Cardiac Surgery Settings
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Microbiology Workflow
2.4. Quality Control
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Source | NTM Positive (%) | NTM Negative (%) | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Stockert 3T HCU | 14 (31.1) | 31 (68.9) | 45 |
Maquet HCU40 | 12 (27.3) | 32 (72.7) | 44 |
Maquet ECMO | 2 (15.4) | 11(84.6) | 13 |
Sink | 2 * (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 6 |
Total | 30 | 78 | 108 |
TVCs | P. aeruginosa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 CFU/Ml a (%) | 1 ≤ CFU/mL ≤ 100 b (%) | 101 ≤ CFU/mL ≤ 1000 b (%) | 1001 b ≤ CFU/mL ≤3000 b (%) | >3000 a CFU/mL (%) | Positive (%) | Negative (%) | |
NTM positive samples | 16 (27.6) | 8 (44.4) | 1 (16.7) | 2 (40.0) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (11.1) | 27 (29.7) |
NTM negative samples | 41 (70.7) | 10 (55.6) | 5 (83.3) | 3 (60.0) | 4 (30.8) | 3 (33.3) | 60 (65.9) |
Unreadable plates | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (61.5) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (4.4) |
Total | 58 | 18 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 9 | 91 |
TVCs | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 CFU/mL a (%) | 1 ≤ CFU/mL ≤ 100 b (%) | 101 ≤ CFU/mL ≤ 1000 b (%) | 1001 b ≤ CFU/mL ≤3000 b (%) | >3000 a CFU/mL (%) | ||
Elite NTM negative < 1 CFU/100 mL | 41 (70.7) | 8 (44.4) | 4 (66.7) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (15.4) | 57 |
Elite NTM negative 1–100 CFU/100 mL | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (20.0) | 2 (15.4) | 6 |
Elite NTM positive < 1 CFU/100 mL | 16 (27.6) | 7 (38.9) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (7.7) | 26 |
Elite NTM positive 1–50 CFU/100 mL | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 |
Unreadable plates | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (61.5) | 9 |
Total | 58 | 18 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 100 |
Brand | Type of Samples Collection | NTM ELITE Results | TVCs 22 °C CFU/mL | TVCs 36 °C CFU/mL | P. aeruginosa CFU/250 mL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | <1 |
2 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | >150 |
3 | Stockert 3T HCUs | post-disinfection | moulds | <1 | <1 | <1 |
4 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | >150 |
5 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | >150 |
6 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | >150 |
7 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | moulds | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | <1 |
8 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | <1 |
9 | Stockert 3T HCUs | pre-disinfection | non-AFB | >3 × 103 | >3 × 103 | 15 |
Number of Distribution | Microorganism Strains by Each Distribution | CFU/100 mL |
---|---|---|
MY006 A | M. chimaera | 14 |
(P. aeruginosa) | (1.1 × 102) | |
MY006 B | M. chelonae | 2.2 × 102 |
(B. multivorans) | (1.5 × 102) | |
MY008 A | M. chelonae | 5.0 × 102 |
(Microbacterium spp) | (20) | |
(Staphylococcus xylosus) | (42) | |
MY008 B | M. chimaera | 8.0 × 102 |
MY009 A | M. chelonae | 5.8 × 10 |
(E. coli) | (90) | |
MY009 B | M. fortuitum | 30 |
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Ditommaso, S.; Giacomuzzi, M.; Memoli, G.; Garlasco, J.; Curtoni, A.; Iannaccone, M.; Zotti, C.M. A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater–Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710645
Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Memoli G, Garlasco J, Curtoni A, Iannaccone M, Zotti CM. A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater–Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(17):10645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710645
Chicago/Turabian StyleDitommaso, Savina, Monica Giacomuzzi, Gabriele Memoli, Jacopo Garlasco, Antonio Curtoni, Marco Iannaccone, and Carla M. Zotti. 2022. "A New Culture Method for the Detection of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Water Samples from Heater–Cooler Units and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Machines" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17: 10645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710645