Adoption of Improved Reprocessing Decreased Microbiological Non-Compliance for Bronchoscopes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Reprocessing Process
2.2. Sampling Method and Microbiological Analysis
2.3. Non-Compliant Bronchoscopes Assessment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Performed | Not Performed |
---|---|---|
Pre-cleaning is performed immediately after the procedure | X | |
The endoscope is cleaned externally using sponge or lint-free cloth soaked in detergent solution | X | |
The endoscope is cleaned internally with the detergent solution aspirated through all the channels until it is macroscopically cleaned. | X | |
The dirty endoscope is transported to the reprocessing room in the recommended time | X | |
The dirty endoscope is transported using a container that is completely closed, resistant to punctures, and labeled to indicate biohazard | X | |
Before cleaning, the leak test is performed | X | |
The detergent solution indicated by the manufacturer is used and the contact times is respected | X | |
Appropriately sized brushes are used as indicated by the manufacturer | X | |
The brushes are passed in all channels, valves, and all removable parts of the instrument | X | |
Brushes are disposable (or if reusable they are disinfected/sterilized after each use) | X | |
Endoscope and all removable parts are rinsed and dried | X | |
The high-level disinfection of the endoscopes is performed | X | |
After high level disinfection, the internal channels are dried with compressed air for medical use | X | |
The clean endoscope is transported to the storage room in a container completely closed, resistant to punctures | X | |
The endoscope with valves removed are stored in a dedicated cabinet | X | |
Each reprocessing steps is traced | X |
First Phase | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bronchoscope Model | Age (Years) | Storage Condition | Sampling Date | Time after Disinfection (h) | Microorganism | Total Bacterial Count (CFU/Channels) |
OLYMPUS BF TE (Routine testing) | 9 | Transport case | 19 November | 120 | NDM-K.pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp. | 310 |
OLYMPUS BF TE (Retesting for non-conformity) | 9 | Non-ventilated Cabinet | 27 November | 1 | NDM-K.pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp. | 300 |
PENTAX EB 1530 T3 (Routine testing) | 18 | Transport case | 27 November | 140 | E. gergoviae, Staphylococcus spp. | 300 |
PENTAX FB 18 BS (Routine testing) | 6 | Transport case | 27 November | - | Proteus vulgaris | 1 |
PENTAX FB15 BS (Routine testing) | 2 | Transport case | 27 November | 120 | S. aureus | 331 |
FUJIFILM EB-530S (Routine testing) | 3 | Transport case | 27 November | 1 | Enterobacter gergoviae, Staphylococcus spp. | 11 |
PENTAX EB 1530 T3 (Retesting for non-conformity) | 18 | Transport case | 5 December | 168 | S. multivorum | 304 |
PENTAX FB 15 BS (Routine testing) | 3 | Transport case | 5 December | 144 | S. aureus | 302 |
PENTAX FB 18 BS (Routine testing) | 6 | Transport case | 5 December | 120 | S. aureus | 3 |
PENTAX FB 18 V (Retesting for non-conformity) | 6 | Transport case | 5 December | 48 | S. aureus | 2 |
OLYMPUS BF 1T 180 (Routine testing) | 11 | Non-ventilated Cabinet | 5 December | 21 | P. aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii, S. maltophilia, Vibrio alginolyticus | 300 |
PENTAX FB 18 V (Routine testing) | 6 | Non-ventilated Cabinet | 11 December | 24 | Proteus vulgaris | 4 |
OLYMPUS BF 1T 180 (Routine testing) | 11 | Non-ventilated Cabinet | 11 December | 43 | S. aureus, Proteus penneri, S. paucimobilis | 300 |
SECOND PHASE | ||||||
PENTAX FB 18 BS (Routine testing) | 3 | Ventilated Cabinet | 2 March | 1 | Serratia spp. | 6 |
OLYMPUS BF-1T180 (Retesting for non-conformity) | 15 | Ventilated Cabinet | 24 May | 48 | K. pneumoniae | 1 |
PENTAX 19 TV (Retesting for non-conformity) | 10 | Ventilated Cabinet | 24 May | 72 | K. pneumonae | 1 |
PENTAX 19 TV (Retesting for non-conformity) | 10 | Ventilated Cabinet | 28 May | 96 | A. lwoffii | 1 |
OLYMPUS BF 1T180 (Retesting for non-conformity) | 15 | Ventilated Cabinet | 28 May | 3 | P. aeruginosa | 2 |
PENTAX 18 V (Routine testing) | 11 | Ventilated Cabinet | 30 June | 24 | K.pneumoniae | 2 |
PENTAX FB 15 BS (Routine testing) | 8 | Non-ventilated Cabinet | 30 June | 24 | P. aeruginosa | 21 |
FUJIFILM EB-530S (Routine testing) | 3 | Ventilated Cabinet | 30 August | 48 | K. pneumoniae | 2 |
PENTAX 18 P (Routine testing) | 17 | Ventilated Cabinet | 28 September | 24 | S.aureus | 20 |
FUJIFILM EB-530T (Routine testing) | 3 | Ventilated Cabinet | 5 October | 96 | V. alginolyticus | 2 |
STORZ 11301BNI (Routine testing) | 8 | Ventilated Cabinet | 19 October | 4 | P. penneri | 3 |
FUJIFILM EB-530 US (Routine testing) | 1 | Ventilated Cabinet | 9 November | 4 | P. penneri | 10 |
PENTAX FB 15 BS (Routine testing) | 8 | Ventilated Cabinet | 9 November | 4 | E. gergoviae | 2 |
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Tuvo, B.; Scarpaci, M.; Cosci, T.; Ribechini, A.; Briani, S.; Luchini, G.; Totaro, M.; Baggiani, A.; Cristina, M.L.; Barnini, S.; et al. Adoption of Improved Reprocessing Decreased Microbiological Non-Compliance for Bronchoscopes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113978
Tuvo B, Scarpaci M, Cosci T, Ribechini A, Briani S, Luchini G, Totaro M, Baggiani A, Cristina ML, Barnini S, et al. Adoption of Improved Reprocessing Decreased Microbiological Non-Compliance for Bronchoscopes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):13978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113978
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuvo, Benedetta, Michela Scarpaci, Tommaso Cosci, Alessandro Ribechini, Silvia Briani, Grazia Luchini, Michele Totaro, Angelo Baggiani, Maria Luisa Cristina, Simona Barnini, and et al. 2022. "Adoption of Improved Reprocessing Decreased Microbiological Non-Compliance for Bronchoscopes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 13978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113978