Perioperative Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Conditioning
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Signal Transduction
2.1. Remote Stimulus
2.2. Signal Transfer—Neuronal and Humoral Factors
2.3. Myocardial Response
2.4. Coronary Vascular Response
3. Clinical Studies Evaluating Remote Ischemic Conditioning
3.1. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
3.2. Cardiac Surgery
3.3. Other Potential Confounding Factors for the Effect of RIPC
3.4. Future Study Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AF | Atrial fibrillation |
AKI | Acute Kidney Injury |
AUC | Area under curve |
AVR | Aortic valve replacement |
CABG | Coronary artery bypass graft |
CGRP | Calcitonin gene-related peptide |
CK-MB | Creatine kinase-myocardial band |
eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
GLP-1 | Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 |
HIF-1α | Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α |
ICU | Intensive care unit |
I/R | Ischemia/reperfusion |
PCI | Percutaneous Coronary Intervention |
PKG | Protein Kinase G |
RIPC | Remote Ischemic Preconditioning |
SAFE | Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement |
SDF-1α | Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α |
STAT-5 | Signal Transducer and Activator of transcription-5 |
STEMI | ST-segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction |
TnI | Troponin I |
TnT | Troponin T |
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Study | Design | Animal Type | Mediator | Stimulus/Intervention | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neuronal factors | |||||
Basalay 2016 [28] | Animal | Rats | Vagus nerve | Vagotomy | Abolished RIC effect |
Donato et al., 2013 [31] | Animal | Rabbits | Spinal cord | Transection at T9–10 level | Abolished RIC effect |
Donato et al., 2013 [31] Uitterdijk et al., 2015 [29] | Animal | Pig and rabbits | Vagus nerve | Electrical stimulation | Effects similar to RIC |
Lu et al., 2014 [30] | Animal | Rats | Spinal cord | Intrathecal lidocaine | Abolished intrathecal morphine preconditioning effect |
Humoral factors | |||||
Basalay 2016 [28] | Animal | Rats | GLP-1 | Blockade of GLP-1 receptors | Abolished cardioprotection by RIC |
Hildebrandt et al., 2016 [34] | Human to animal | Healthy volunteers, mouse heart | Unspecified | Plasma dialysate | Could transfer cardioprotection, STAT3 is activated I murine myocardium. |
Li et al., 2014 [39] | Animal | Mice | MicroRNA144 | Exogenous administration | Induced cardioprotection |
Hepponstall et al., 2012 [38] | Human | Healthy volunteers | Apolipoprotein A1 | Following RIC | Elevated in human plasma by RIC |
Hibert et al., 2013 [40] | Animal | Rat | Apolipoprotein A1 | Following RIC | Elevated in rat plasma by RIC |
Cabrera-Fuentes et al., 2015 [41] | Human | Patients undergoing heart surgery | Endothelial RNase 1 | Following RIC | Elevated after RIC |
Mei et al., 2017 [42] | Animal | Rats | adenosine or bradykinin | Exogenous administration | Confers cardioprotection |
Schulte et al., 2004 [43] | Animal | Mice | adenosine | Brain ischemic conditioning | Adenosine increase by mice brain ischemia could transfer protection to mice heart |
Contractor 2016 et al. [44] | Animal | Mice | adenosine | Exogenous administration | Associated with cardioprotection |
Pedersen et al., 2011 [45] | Human | Healthy volunteers | Bradykinin | Bradykinin receptor antagonist | Had no effect on the protection by RIC |
Cai et al., 2012 [46] | Animal | Mice | IL-10 | Genetic knock-out of IL-10 or IL-10 receptor antibodies | Abolished infarct size reduction by RIC |
Davidson et al., 2013 [16] | Animal | Rats | SDF-1α | Inhibiting SDF-1α chemokine 4 receptor | Attenuated the infarct size-reducing effect of RIC |
Gao et al., 2007 [47] | Animal | Rats | Substance P, CGRP | Antagonist of substance P or CGRP | Abrogated the infarct size reduction |
Oba et al., 2015 [48] | Animal | Mice | Erythropoietin | Exogenous administration of erythropoietin antibodies | Abrogated the infarct size reduction |
Olenchock et al., 2016 [50] | Animal | Mice | EGLN1 gene | EGLN1 gene deletion | reduced the infarct size and decreased expression of HIF-1α. |
Cai et al., 2013 [52] | Animal | Mice | HIF-1α | HIF-1α knockout | Abolished the infarct size reduction effect |
Chao de la Barca et al., 2016 [53] | Animal | Rats | kynurenine and glycine | Exogenous administration | Reduced myocardial infarct size |
Donato et al., 2016 [54], Shahid et al., 2008 [55] | Animal | Rats | nitric oxide | Inhibition of systemic nitric oxide synthase | Abolished the effect of RIC to reduce infarct size |
Steensrud et al., 2010 [20] | Animal | Rabbits | adenosine | Femoral artery infusion of adenosine | Reduced myocardial infarct size |
nitric oxide | Systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibitor | Did not reduce the protective effect of RIC | |||
Arroyo-Martinez et al., 2016 [26] | Human | Patients undergoing PCI | Nitrate and nitrite | Following RIC | Nitrate was released into coronary artery blood |
Lambert et al., 2016 [56] | Human | Human volunteers | Nitrate and nitrite | Following RIC | No release |
Study | Number, RIPC/Control | RIPC Protocol | Surgey | Anesthetic Induction/Maintenance | Results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I/R Cycles | Cuff Pressure | Limb | |||||
Cardiac biomarkers | |||||||
Hausenloy et al., 2007 [4] | 27/30 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG | Midazolam, etomidate, propofol/isoflurane, propofol | Reduced TnT during 72 h |
Venugopal et al., 2009 [81] | 23/22 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG ± aortic valve surgery | Midazolam, etomidate, propofol/volatile, propofol | Reduced 72-h AUC for TnT |
Hong et al., 2010 [82] | 65/65 | 4 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | Off-pump CABG | Midazolam/sevoflurane | No difference in TnI during 72 h |
Young et al., 2012 [83] | 48/48 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | High-risk cardiac surgery | Midazolam/propofol, isoflurane | No difference in 6-h and 12-h TnT |
Thielmann et al., 2013 [5] | 162/167 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG | Isoflurane or propofol | Reduced 72-h AUC for TnI |
Kottenberg et al., 2014 [84] | 12/12 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG | Etomidate/propofol | No difference in 72-h AUC for TnI |
Candilio et al., 2015 [85] | 90/90 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper + lower | CABG ± valve surgery | Midazolam, etomidate, propofol/isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol | Reduced 72-h AUC for TnT |
Walsh et al., 2016 [86] | 128/130 | 3 × 5 min | 300 mmHg | Lower | Cardiac surgery | Volatile, propofol | No difference in 24-h CK-MB |
Pinaud et al., 2016 [87] | 50/49 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | AVR | Propofol/isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol | No difference in 72-h AUC for TnI |
Song et al., 2017 [88] | 36/36 | 3 × 5 min | 300 mmHg | Upper | AVR | Midazolam/sevoflurane | No difference in 24-h AUC for CK-MB and TnT |
Zadeh et al., 2017 [89] | 14/14 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG | Midazolam, ketamine/isoflurane | Reduced 6-h and 24-h TnI |
Wang et al., 2019 [90] | 33/32 | 4 × 5 min | SBP + 40 mmHg | Upper | Off-pump CABG | Midazolam, etomidate/sevoflurane | Reduced 120-h TnT |
Jin et al., 2019 [91] | 121/120 | 2 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper + lower | Valve replacement surgery | Imidazole valium, propofol | Reduced 6-h and 24-h post-CPB TnT |
Clinical outcomes | |||||||
Thielmann et al., 2013 [5] | 162/167 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG | Isoflurane or propofol | Reduced all-cause mortality at 1.5 y |
Candilio et al., 2015 [85] | 90/90 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper + lower | CABG ± valve surgery | Midazolam, etomidate, propofol / isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol | Reduced AKI, AF, and length of ICU stay |
Meybohm et al., 2015 [92] | 692/693 | 4 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | Cardiac surgery | Propofol | No difference in composite outcome |
Hausenloy et al., 2015 [93] | 801/811 | 4 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | CABG ± valve surgery | Volatile, propofol | No difference in composite outcome |
Coverdale et al., 2018 [94] | 213/215 | 3 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper | High-risk cardiovascular surgery | Midazolam, propofol, etomidate / desflurane, sevoflurane, propofol | No difference in composite outcome |
Jin et al., 2019 [91] | 121/120 | 2 × 5 min | 200 mmHg | Upper + lower | Valve replacement surgery | Imidazole valium, propofol | Reduced acute lung injury, and length of ICU and hospital stay |
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Cho, Y.J.; Kim, W.H. Perioperative Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Conditioning. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 4839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194839
Cho YJ, Kim WH. Perioperative Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Conditioning. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(19):4839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194839
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Youn Joung, and Won Ho Kim. 2019. "Perioperative Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Conditioning" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19: 4839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194839