The Quality and Fertilizing Potential of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Experiment 1: The Effect of Storage Time (Days) on the Quality Parameters of Red Deer Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State
2.2. Experiment 2: Fertilizing Potential of Red Deer Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Collection and Initial Evaluation of Epididymal Spermatozoa
4.3. Liquid Storage of Sperm
4.4. Experiment 1: Sperm Quality Analysis
4.4.1. Analysis of Sperm Motility Parameters
4.4.2. Sperm Morphology Assay
4.4.3. Fluorescence Assays
4.5. Experiment 2: Assessment of the Fertilizing Potential of Epididymal Spermatozoa
4.5.1. Induction of Estrus and Ovulation and Oocyte Collection
4.5.2. In Vitro Oocyte Maturation and In Vitro Fertilization
4.5.3. Artificial Insemination (AI) Procedure
4.5.4. Diagnosis of Pregnancy
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sperm Quality Parameters | Storage Time (Days) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 5 | Day 7 | Day 10 | Day 11 | |
MOR (%) | 75.6 ± 2.6 a | 67.6 ± 2.8 b | 66.8 ± 2.6 b | 63.5 ± 3.1 bc | 56.3 ± 3.8 c |
NAR (%) | 89.0 ± 1.4 a | 85.8 ± 1.4 ab | 84.8 ± 1.4 ab | 81.2 ± 1.6 b | 79.8 ± 2.3 b |
HD (%) | 5.5 ± 1.6 a | 6.2 ± 1.7 a | 7.5 ± 0.9 a | 7.1 ± 2.1 a | 20.9 ± 2.8 b |
MD (%) | 1.7 ± 0.8 a | 1.3 ± 0.4 a | 1.2 ± 2.9 a | 1.1 ± 0.3 a | 9.2 ± 2.7 b |
TD (%) | 7.0 ± 1.0 a | 14.8 ± 2.9 b | 17.8 ± 0.1 b | 17.1 ± 2.1 b | 21.2 ± 7.2 b |
PNA−/PI− (%) | 79.8 ± 3.8 a | 79.1 ± 1.8 a | 77.0 ± 4.1 a | 70.9 ± 3.4 b | 60.7 ± 5.4 b |
SYBR+/PI− (%) | 87.9 ± 1.8 a | 85.8 ± 1.4 a | 86.9 ± 2.2 a | 81.2 ± 1.6 b | 79.8 ± 2.3 b |
MMP (%) | 88.6 ± 1.7 a | 83.1 ± 1.4 b | 86.0 ± 2.6 ab | 78.4 ± 2.3 b | 77.9 ± 5.5 b |
AO (%) | 95.3 ± 0.9 | 91.8 ± 2.4 | 93.8 ± 1.3 | 92.0 ± 1.8 | 90.2 ± 1.3 |
YOPRO−/PI− (%) | 86.6 ± 2.1 a | 70.5 ± 3.7 b | 71.4 ± 4.3 b | 66.6 ± 3.5 bc | 58.6 ± 4.0 c |
YOPRO+/PI− (%) | 3.2 ± 1.0 a | 12.4 ± 5.4 b | 12.1 ± 5.6 b | 10.5 ± 5.1 b | 16.3 ± 5.4 b |
Fertilization Potential | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sperm Stored One Day (Group 1) | Sperm Stored Seven Days (Group 2) | Sperm Stored Ten Days (Group 3) | |
TMOT (%) | 82.6 ± 1.7 a | 71.0 ± 4.1 b | 64.8 ± 3.7 b |
PMOT (%) | 42.8 ± 3.3 a | 34.8 ± 4.2 b | 21.6 ± 4.5 b |
Total oocytes | 115 | 83 | 44 |
Immature oocytes | 7 | 8 | 4 |
Mature oocytes | 108/115 (93.9%) | 75/83 (90.4%) | 40/44 (90.9%) |
Fertilized oocytes | 69/108 (63.9%) | 59/83 (71.1%) | 38/44 (86.4%) |
Cleaved embryos | 39/69 (56.5%) a | 16/59 (27.1%) b | 5/38 (13.2%) b |
Blastocysts | 12/39 (17.4%) | 5/16 (8.5%) | 4/38 (10.5%) |
Pregnancy rate | 3/6 (50%) | 2/6 (33%) | 6/6 (100%) |
Birth rate | 1/6 (17%) | 2/6 (33%) | 2/6 (33%) |
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Dziekońska, A.; Koziorowska-Gilun, M.; Kordan, W.; Neuman, N.M.; Kotlarczyk, A.M.; Korzekwa, A.J. The Quality and Fertilizing Potential of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314591
Dziekońska A, Koziorowska-Gilun M, Kordan W, Neuman NM, Kotlarczyk AM, Korzekwa AJ. The Quality and Fertilizing Potential of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):14591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314591
Chicago/Turabian StyleDziekońska, Anna, Magdalena Koziorowska-Gilun, Władysław Kordan, Nicoletta M. Neuman, Angelika M. Kotlarczyk, and Anna J. Korzekwa. 2022. "The Quality and Fertilizing Potential of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Epididymal Spermatozoa Stored in a Liquid State" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 14591. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314591