Anaerobutyricum soehngenii Reduces Hepatic Lipogenic Pathways and Increases Intestinal Gluconeogenic Gene Expression in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. WDF Feeding Time-Dependently Induces MASLD
2.2. A. soehngenii Supplementation Increases Cecal Butyrate Levels
2.3. A. soehngenii Improves Insulin Sensitivity of WDF-Fed Mice
2.4. A. soehngenii Does Not Affect Liver Steatosis but Restores Hepatic Expression of Multiple Genes
2.5. Effects of A. soehngenii Treatment on Small Intestinal Gene Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mouse Studies
4.1.1. Experiment 1: Diet-Induced Development of MASLD
4.1.2. Experiment 2: A. soehngenii Supplementation
4.1.3. Insulin Tolerance Testing (ITT)
4.2. Cecal SCFA Measurement
4.3. Liver Histology Analyses
4.4. Hepatic Lipid Quantification
4.5. Hepatic Lipid Profiling
4.6. RNA Extraction and Quantitative RT-PCR Analyses
4.7. RNA Sequencing
4.8. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mak, A.L.; Augustijn, Q.J.J.; Heymann, C.J.F.; Havik, S.; Verdoes, X.; Rios-Morales, M.; Bosmans, L.A.; Verheij, J.; Meijnikman, A.S.; de Jonge, P.A.; et al. Anaerobutyricum soehngenii Reduces Hepatic Lipogenic Pathways and Increases Intestinal Gluconeogenic Gene Expression in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 3481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063481
Mak AL, Augustijn QJJ, Heymann CJF, Havik S, Verdoes X, Rios-Morales M, Bosmans LA, Verheij J, Meijnikman AS, de Jonge PA, et al. Anaerobutyricum soehngenii Reduces Hepatic Lipogenic Pathways and Increases Intestinal Gluconeogenic Gene Expression in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(6):3481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063481
Chicago/Turabian StyleMak, Anne Linde, Quinten J. J. Augustijn, Clément J. F. Heymann, Stefan Havik, Xanthe Verdoes, Melany Rios-Morales, Laura A. Bosmans, Joanne Verheij, Abraham S. Meijnikman, Patrick A. de Jonge, and et al. 2024. "Anaerobutyricum soehngenii Reduces Hepatic Lipogenic Pathways and Increases Intestinal Gluconeogenic Gene Expression in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6: 3481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063481