Vegetation Height as the Primary Driver of Functional Changes in Orthopteran Assemblages in a Roadside Habitat
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sampling Design
2.2. Orthoptera Sampling and Identification
2.3. Environmental Measurements
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Factors
3.2. Functional Metrics of Orthopteran Assemblages and Motorway Proximity
3.3. Functional Traits and Environmental Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Functional Diversity Patterns with Respect to Road Proximity and Sampling Method
4.2. Road-Associated Changes in Functional Trait Composition
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
No. | Taxon | Body Size (mm) | Femur Length: Body Size | Flight Capacity | Feeding Guild | Lifestyle | Moisture Preference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acrididae MacLeay, 1821 | |||||||
1 | Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781) | 20.86 | 0.59 | full | herbivorous | chortobiont | hygrophilous |
2 | Arcyptera brevipennis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) | 28.25 | 0.63 | none | herbivorous | geo-chortobiont | xerophilous |
3 | Calliptamus italicus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 21.49 | 0.60 | full | omnivorous | geo-chortobiont | xerophilous |
4 | Chorthippus biguttulus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 17.29 | 0.60 | full | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
5 | Chorthippus biguttulus/mollis | 17.29 | 0.60 | full | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
6 | Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg, 1815) | 17.32 | 0.62 | full | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
7 | Chorthippus dorsatus (Zetterstedt, 1821) | 17.15 | 0.63 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
8 | Chorthippus mollis (Charpentier, 1825) | 16.91 | 0.60 | full | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
9 | Chrysochraon dispar (Germar, 1834) | 20.49 | 0.61 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | hygrophilous |
10 | Euchorthippus declivus (Brisout de Barneville, 1848) | 19.44 | 0.59 | none | herbivorous | chortobiont | xerophilous |
11 | Euthystira brachyptera (Ocskay, 1826) | 17.55 | 0.65 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
12 | Odontopodisma schmidtii (Fieber, 1853) | 18.03 | 0.56 | none | herbivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
13 | Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | 19.42 | 0.57 | full | herbivorous | geobiont | xerophilous |
14 | Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charpentier, 1825) | 14.83 | 0.61 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
15 | Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) | 14.83 | 0.71 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
16 | Pezotettix giornae (Rossi, 1794) | 13.67 | 0.55 | none | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
17 | Pseudochorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) | 16.91 | 0.67 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
18 | Stauroderus scalaris (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) | 21.82 | 0.58 | full | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
19 | Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer, 1796) | 19.44 | 0.64 | reduced | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
Gryllidae Laicharting, 1781 | |||||||
20 | Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758 | 22.05 | 0.46 | none | omnivorous | geobiont | mesophilous |
21 | Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli, 1763) | 11.83 | 0.67 | full | omnivorous | thamnobiont | xerophilous |
Rhaphidophoridae Walker, 1869 | |||||||
22 | Troglophilus sp. | 19.36 | 0.92 | none | omnivorous | geobiont | hygrophilous |
Tetrigidae Rambur, 1838 | |||||||
23 | Tetrix subulata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 12.25 | 0.47 | reduced | herbivorous | geobiont | hygrophilous |
24 | Tetrix tenuicornis (Sahlberg, 1891) | 9.54 | 0.62 | reduced | herbivorous | geobiont | hygrophilous |
Tettigoniidae Krauss, 1902 | |||||||
25 | Barbitistes yersini (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) | 24.08 | 0.80 | none | herbivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
26 | Bicolorana bicolor (Philippi, 1830) | 15.87 | 1.07 | reduced | omnivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
27 | Conocephalus fuscus (Fabricius, 1793) | 14.70 | 0.78 | full | omnivorous | chortobiont | hygrophilous |
28 | Decticus verrucivorus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 33.05 | 0.91 | reduced | carnivorous | geo-chortobiont | mesophilous |
29 | Ephippiger discoidalis (Fieber, 1853) | 26.08 | 0.73 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | xerophilous |
30 | Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) | 24.49 | 0.65 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
31 | Eupholidoptera schmidti (Fieber, 1861) | 25.38 | 0.98 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
32 | Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833) | 12.65 | 1.00 | none | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
33 | Leptophyes boscii (Fieber, 1853) | 16.12 | 1.05 | none | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
34 | Modestana modesta (Fieber, 1853) | 17.89 | 1.09 | none | omnivorous | geo-chortobiont | xerophilous |
35 | Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) | 16.73 | 1.06 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
36 | Pachytrachis striolatus (Fieber, 1853) | 21.02 | 1.06 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
37 | Phaneroptera falcata (Poda, 1761) | 14.70 | 1.39 | full | herbivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
38 | Pholidoptera femorata (Fieber, 1853) | 25.69 | 0.98 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
39 | Pholidoptera griseoaptera (De Geer, 1773) | 17.32 | 1.05 | none | omnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
40 | Poecilimon sp. | 16.73 | 0.91 | none | herbivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
41 | Roeseliana roeselii (Hagenbach, 1822) | 17.32 | 0.88 | reduced | omnivorous | chortobiont | mesophilous |
42 | Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758) | 32.62 | 0.78 | full | carnivorous | thamnobiont | mesophilous |
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Functional Parameter | F | p | d.f. | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10–25 | 10–50 | 10–100 | 10–500 | 25–50 | |||||
Functional dispersion (FDis) | 3.189 | 0.025 | 4 | 0.310 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.002 | 0.249 | |
Functional diversity (RaoQ) | 1.109 | 0.368 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM body size | 0.805 | 0.530 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM femur length: body size | 0.594 | 0.669 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM flight capacity | full | 1.339 | 0.275 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
reduced | 2.357 | 0.073 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
none | 1.575 | 0.203 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM feeding guild | herbivorous | 1.750 | 0.161 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
omnivorous | 2.790 | 0.041 | 4 | 0.451 | 0.126 | 0.041 | 0.004 | 0.426 | |
carnivorous | 0.965 | 0.439 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM lifestyle | chortobiont | 0.412 | 0.799 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
thamnobiont | 2.710 | 0.046 | 4 | 0.606 | 0.686 | 0.238 | 0.006 | 0.911 | |
geobiont | 0.681 | 0.610 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
geo-chortobiont | 1.592 | 0.198 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM moisture preference | xerophilous | 2.409 | 0.068 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
mesophilous | 2.428 | 0.066 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
hygrophilous | 1.632 | 0.188 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
Functional Parameter | F | p | d.f. | p | |||||
25–100 | 25–500 | 50–100 | 50–500 | 100–500 | |||||
Functional dispersion (FDis) | 3.189 | 0.025 | 4 | 0.250 | 0.030 | 0.998 | 0.280 | 0.279 | |
Functional diversity (RaoQ) | 1.109 | 0.368 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM body size | 0.805 | 0.530 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM femur length: body size | 0.594 | 0.669 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM flight capacity | full | 1.339 | 0.275 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
reduced | 2.357 | 0.073 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
none | 1.575 | 0.203 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM feeding guild | herbivorous | 1.750 | 0.161 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
omnivorous | 2.790 | 0.041 | 4 | 0.182 | 0.028 | 0.583 | 0.148 | 0.361 | |
carnivorous | 0.965 | 0.439 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM lifestyle | chortobiont | 0.412 | 0.799 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
thamnobiont | 2.710 | 0.046 | 4 | 0.501 | 0.020 | 0.433 | 0.016 | 0.089 | |
geobiont | 0.681 | 0.610 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
geo-chortobiont | 1.592 | 0.198 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM moisture preference | xerophilous | 2.409 | 0.068 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
mesophilous | 2.428 | 0.066 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
hygrophilous | 1.632 | 0.188 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
Functional Parameter | F | p | d.f. | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10–25 | 10–50 | 10–100 | 10–500 | 25–50 | |||||
Functional dispersion (FDis) | 0.871 | 0.491 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
Functional diversity (RaoQ) | 0.866 | 0.494 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM body size | 2.908 | 0.035 | 4 | 0.208 | 0.537 | 0.404 | 0.084 | 0.514 | |
CWM femur length: body size | 2.048 | 0.109 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM flight capacity | full | 0.495 | 0.740 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
reduced | 0.913 | 0.467 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
none | 0.486 | 0.746 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM feeding guild | herbivorous | 1.584 | 0.200 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
omnivorous | 0.725 | 0.581 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
carnivorous | 1.131 | 0.358 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM lifestyle | chortobiont | 2.323 | 0.076 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
thamnobiont | 0.974 | 0.434 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
geobiont | 0.954 | 0.445 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
geo-chortobiont | 2.511 | 0.059 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM moisture preference | xerophilous | 1.147 | 0.351 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
mesophilous | 1.177 | 0.338 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
hygrophilous | 1.126 | 0.360 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
Functional Parameter | F | p | d.f. | p | |||||
25–100 | 25–500 | 50–100 | 50–500 | 100–500 | |||||
Functional dispersion (FDis) | 0.871 | 0.491 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
Functional diversity (RaoQ) | 0.866 | 0.494 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM body size | 2.908 | 0.035 | 4 | 0.041 | 0.004 | 0.151 | 0.022 | 0.355 | |
CWM femur length: body size | 2.048 | 0.109 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM flight capacity | full | 0.495 | 0.740 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
reduced | 0.913 | 0.467 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
none | 0.486 | 0.746 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM feeding guild | herbivorous | 1.584 | 0.200 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
omnivorous | 0.725 | 0.581 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
carnivorous | 1.131 | 0.358 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM lifestyle | chortobiont | 2.323 | 0.076 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
thamnobiont | 0.974 | 0.434 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
geobiont | 0.954 | 0.445 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
geo-chortobiont | 2.511 | 0.059 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
CWM moisture preference | xerophilous | 1.147 | 0.351 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
mesophilous | 1.177 | 0.338 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / | |
hygrophilous | 1.126 | 0.360 | 4 | / | / | / | / | / |
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Rebrina, F.; Reinhold, K.; Tvrtković, N.; Gulin, V.; Brigić, A. Vegetation Height as the Primary Driver of Functional Changes in Orthopteran Assemblages in a Roadside Habitat. Insects 2022, 13, 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070572
Rebrina F, Reinhold K, Tvrtković N, Gulin V, Brigić A. Vegetation Height as the Primary Driver of Functional Changes in Orthopteran Assemblages in a Roadside Habitat. Insects. 2022; 13(7):572. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070572
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebrina, Fran, Klaus Reinhold, Nikola Tvrtković, Vesna Gulin, and Andreja Brigić. 2022. "Vegetation Height as the Primary Driver of Functional Changes in Orthopteran Assemblages in a Roadside Habitat" Insects 13, no. 7: 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070572