Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4—An “Inauspicious” Adipokine—In Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Control Group (n = 24) | EGWG Group (n = 24) | GDM Group (n = 22) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pregnancy & Delivery | ||||
Age (years) | 30.5 (30–36) | 33.5 (28–35) | 36.1 (32–41) | 0.01 * |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.77 (20.2–24.4) | 23 (22.3–24.45) | 28.1 (26.6–30.1) | 0.00001 *** |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 14.5 (8–15) | 22.75 (21.5–25) | 11 (7–15) | 0.00001 *** |
ΔBMI-1 (kg/m2) | 5.44 (2.97–5.6) | 7.75 (7.63–8.8) | 3.9 (2.23–5.19) | 0.00001 *** |
BMI at delivery (kg/m2) | 26.4 (25.1–29.1) | 30.73 (29.58–32) | 32.2 (30.5–33.9) | 0.00001 *** |
2nd Day of Post-Partum Period | ||||
Post-partum BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (21–23.9) | 27.95 (26.6–29.2) | 29.8 (27.7–31.2) | 0.00001 *** |
ΔBMI-2 (kg/m2) | 2.53 (2.08–4.16) | 2.79 (2.35–3.20) | 2.2 (1.28–2.7) | 0.0129 * |
ΔBMI (kg/m2) | 0.51 (–1.23–2,6) | 5.3 (4.92–5.7) | 2,2 (0.1–2,9) | 0.00001 *** |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.68 (3.43–3.73) | 3.57 (3.35-3.77) | 3.46 (3.37–3.64) | 0.0689 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 257 (207–287) | 225.5 (196–246) | 199.5 (192–242) | 0.0127 * |
HDL (mg/dL) | 78 (75–79) | 68.5 (58.5–77.5) | 65 (54–73) | 0.0066 * |
LDL (mg/dL) | 131 (102–152) | 104.5 (85–125.5) | 100 (84–127) | 0.0057 * |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 190 (150–254) | 198.5 (183–253.5) | 240.5 (155–252) | 0.3797 |
Haemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.35 (5.2–5.4) | 5.5 (5.15–5.5) | 5.6 (5.2–5.8) | 0.0814 |
Serum ghrelin (ng/mL) | 0.93 (0.65–1.11) | 1.19 (0.34–2.43) | 0.4 (0.19–1.23) | 0.0624 |
Urine ghrelin (ng/mL) | 0.1 (0.1–0.29) | 0.12 (0.04–0.30) | 0.21 (0.07–6.6) | 0.3292 |
Serum FABP4 (pg/mL) | 11,179 (1062–11,563) | 11,725 (10,203–15,480) | 18,463 (13,321–24,291) | 0.0006 ** |
Urine FABP4 (pg/mL) | 61 (31–103.2) | 39.7 (18.6–77.7) | 66.7 (22.9–338.9) | 0.192 |
Serum leptin (pg/mL) | 10,429 (6044–14,884) | 14,873 (12,591–47,582) | 18,154 (10,836–51,914) | 0.0011 * |
Urine leptin (pg/mL) | 162.3 (0–4013.1) | ND | ND | - |
Total body water (L) | 29.9 (26–32.9) | 35.3 (33.9–40.6) | 33.9 (32.3–36.2) | 0.00001 *** |
Extracellular water (L) | 14.5 (13–15.7) | 16.9 (15.7–20) | 16.6 (15–17.8) | 0.00001 *** |
Intracellular water (L) | 15.4 (13.5–17.1) | 19.05 (17.8–20) | 17.3 (16.8–18.4) | 0.00001 *** |
Lean tissue index (kg/m2) | 10 (9.4–13.1) | 13 (12.4–14.1) | 12.1 (11–13.2) | 0.0013 * |
Fat tissue index (kg/m2) | 11.1 (9.9–13.8) | 14 (13.3–14.9) | 17 (13.3–18.8) | 0.00001 *** |
BCMI (kg/m2) | 5.1 (4.8–7.2) | 6.97 (6.5–7.9) | 6.2 (5.5–7.3) | 0.0008 ** |
Variables | KW | Control & EGWG | Control & GDM | EGWG & GDM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.01 * | 1.0 | 0.018 * | 0.036 * |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.00001 *** | 0.694 | 0.000003 *** | 0.0006 ** |
Gestational weight gain | 0.00001 *** | 0.0000001 *** | 0.889 | 0.0000001 *** |
ΔBMI-1 | 0.00001 *** | 0.0000001 *** | 0.605 | 0.0000001 *** |
BMI at delivery | 0.00001 *** | 0.00017 ** | 0.000001 *** | 0.687 |
Post-partum BMI | 0.00001 *** | 0.00005 *** | 0.000002 *** | 1.0 |
ΔBMI-2 | 0.0129 * | 1.0 | 0.112 | 0.013 * |
ΔBMI | 0.00001 *** | 0.000002 *** | 0.467 | 0.003 * |
Total cholesterol | 0.0127 * | 0.151 | 0.012 * | 0.941 |
HDL | 0.0066 * | 0.136 | 0.006 * | 0.691 |
LDL | 0.0057 * | 0.028 * | 0.011 * | 1.0 |
Serum FABP4 | 0.0006 ** | 1.0 | 0.002 * | 0.003 * |
Serum leptin | 0.0011 * | 0.007 * | 0.003 * | 1.0 |
Total body water | 0.00001 *** | 0.000004 *** | 0.004 * | 0.397 |
Extracellular water | 0.00001 *** | 0.00002 *** | 0.0002 ** | 1.0 |
Intracellular water | 0.00001 *** | 0.000002 *** | 0.095 | 0.022 * |
Lean tissue index | 0.0013 * | 0.0008 ** | 0.187 | 0.274 |
Fat tissue index | 0.00001 *** | 0.003 * | 0.00002 *** | 0.576 |
BCMI | 0.0008 ** | 0.0005 ** | 0.215 | 0.176 |
Variables | Healthy Group | EGWG Group | GDM Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum FABP4 | Urine FABP4 | Serum FABP4 | Urine FABP4 | Serum FABP4 | Urine FABP4 | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.60 * | −0.60 * | 0.203 | 0.101 | 0.382 | 0.527 * |
Gestational weight gain | −0.174 | −0.290 | −0.750 *** | 0.014 | 0.119 | 0.123 |
ΔBMI-1 | 0.028 | −0.257 | −0.487 * | −0.080 | −0.409 | −0.082 |
BMI at delivery | 0.371 | −0.486 * | −0.207 | 0.371 | 0.600 * | 0.733 ** |
Post-partum BMI | 0.20 | −0.771 *** | −0.539 * | 0.154 | 0.576 * | 0.370 |
ΔBMI-2 | −0.543 * | 0.543 * | 0.355 | 0.239 | −0.028 | 0.065 |
ΔBMI | −0.143 | −0.543 * | −0.802 *** | 0.112 | 0.176 | −0.103 |
Albumin | 0.371 | −0.943 *** | 0.119 | −0.112 | −0.291 | −0.145 |
Total cholesterol | 0.899 *** | −0.377 | 0.077 | −0.168 | −0.224 | 0.261 |
HDL | 0.667 ** | −0.377 | 0.014 | −0.175 | −0.054 | −0.079 |
LDL | 0.943 *** | −0.486 * | 0.015 | −0.112 | −0.151 | −0.164 |
Triglycerides | 0.348 | −0.116 | 0.301 | −0.007 | −0.564 * | 0.382 |
Haemoglobin A1c | −0.406 * | −0.116 | 0.388 | −0.011 | −0.221 | −0.129 |
Serum ghrelin | −0.314 | 0.314 | −0.280 | 0.517 * | −0.027 | −0.036 |
Urine ghrelin | 0.028 | 0.314 | 0.447 * | 0.336 | −0.045 | 0.518 * |
Urine FABP4 | −0.543 * | - | 0.168 | - | 0.209 | - |
Serum leptin | −0.314 | −0.143 | −0.182 | 0.447 * | 0.845 *** | 0.418 |
Urine leptin | −0.334 | 0.941 *** | - | - | - | - |
Total body water | −0.086 | −0.486 * | −0.294 | −0.126 | 0.427 * | −0.118 |
Extracellular water | −0.314 | −0.371 | −0.444 * | 0.129 | 0.373 | −0.118 |
Intracellular water | 0.086 | −0.771 *** | −0.049 | −0.169 | 0.484* | −0.265 |
Lean tissue index | −0.028 | −0.543 * | 0.059 | −0.501 * | −0.383 | −0.332 |
Fat tissue index | 0.314 | −0.543 * | −0.301 | 0.133 | 0.573 * | 0.282 |
BCMI | −0.086 | −0.486 * | 0.015 | −0.410 * | −0.391 | −0.482 * |
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Kimber-Trojnar, Ż.; Patro-Małysza, J.; Trojnar, M.; Skórzyńska-Dziduszko, K.E.; Bartosiewicz, J.; Oleszczuk, J.; Leszczyńska-Gorzelak, B. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4—An “Inauspicious” Adipokine—In Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120505
Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Patro-Małysza J, Trojnar M, Skórzyńska-Dziduszko KE, Bartosiewicz J, Oleszczuk J, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4—An “Inauspicious” Adipokine—In Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(12):505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120505
Chicago/Turabian StyleKimber-Trojnar, Żaneta, Jolanta Patro-Małysza, Marcin Trojnar, Katarzyna E. Skórzyńska-Dziduszko, Jacek Bartosiewicz, Jan Oleszczuk, and Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak. 2018. "Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4—An “Inauspicious” Adipokine—In Serum and Urine of Post-Partum Women with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 12: 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120505