Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Enamel Samples and Toothpaste
2.2. Fluoride Toothpaste Application and pH-Cycling Acid Challenge Experiment
2.3. Three-Dimensional Laser Microscopic Observation
2.4. Vickers Hardness Measurement
2.5. Cross-Sectional Morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.6. Contact Microradiography (CMR)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Step Height Profiles Measured by 3D Laser Microscopy after pH-Cycling
3.2. Calculated Average Roughness after pH-Cycling
3.3. Micro-Vickers Hardness and Its Changes after pH-Cycling
3.4. Cross-Sectional Scanning Electron Microscope Observations after pH-Cycling
3.5. Measurement of Mineral Loss Value and Lesion Depth via Contact Microradiography Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of Demineralization Properties by Toothpaste Dilution
4.2. Evaluation Methods, Limitations, and Their Application to Dental Clinical Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Satou, R.; Shibata, C.; Takayanagi, A.; Yamagishi, A.; Birkhed, D.; Sugihara, N. Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance. Materials 2023, 16, 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145089
Satou R, Shibata C, Takayanagi A, Yamagishi A, Birkhed D, Sugihara N. Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance. Materials. 2023; 16(14):5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145089
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatou, Ryouichi, Chikara Shibata, Atsushi Takayanagi, Atsushi Yamagishi, Dowen Birkhed, and Naoki Sugihara. 2023. "Delivery of Low-Diluted Toothpaste during Brushing Improves Enamel Acid Resistance" Materials 16, no. 14: 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145089