Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Glass and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Enamel Remineralization and Antimicrobial Capabilities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Observation of Particle Morphology under Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.3. Measurement of Specific Surface Area Using the Gas Absorption Method and Evaluation of Surface Electrical Properties through Zeta Potential Measurement
2.4. Crystal Structure Analysis by X-ray Diffraction
2.5. Evaluation of Acid Buffering Capacity
2.6. Evaluating the Capacity of the Particles to Induce Enamel Remineralization
2.7. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Observation of Particle Samples and Identification of Their Crystal Structures
3.2. Measurement of the Specific Surface Area of Each Particle Sample and Evaluation of Surface Charge Properties by Zeta Potential
3.3. Evaluation of Acid Buffering Capacity
3.4. Evaluation of Enamel Remineralization Capacity
3.5. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Properties of Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles
4.2. Evaluation of Remineralization by Changes in Mechanical Properties of the Surface of Enamel Samples
4.3. Antimicrobial Effect of Nanoparticle Suspensions
4.4. Future Clinical Application of Nanoparticle Materials
5. Conclusions
- The particle diameter of bioactive glass microparticles was uneven, ranging from several micrometers to several tens of micrometers. On the other hand, the bioactive nanoparticles were agglomerated, but had individual particle diameters of approximately 20 nm.
- Bioactive glass nanoparticles and microparticles possess rapid acid buffering capacity.
- The enamel samples immersed in the materials containing bioactive glass nanoparticles (nB and nBZ) exhibit superior recovery of mechanical properties compared with those immersed in other materials, and apatite-like structures are deposited on the surface of these enamel samples.
- Materials containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nBZ) have a broad antimicrobial spectrum.
- Bioactive glass and zinc oxide nanoparticles can suppress demineralization through acid buffering and antimicrobial effects on cariogenic bacteria while promoting remineralization.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Samples |
---|---|
Con | only artificial saliva |
F | fluoride + cetylpyridinium chloride |
nB | bioactive glass nanoparticle |
nBZ | bioactive glass nanoparticle + zinc oxide nanoparticle |
μB | bioactive glass microparticle |
Species | Strain | |
---|---|---|
Gram positive | Streptococcus mutans | NTCT 10499 |
Streptococcus sanguinis | JICC 136 | |
Streptococcus salivarius | HHT | |
Streptococcus gordonii | DL-1 | |
Staphylococcus aureus | JCM 20624 | |
Gram negative | Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | Y4 |
Porphyromonas gingivalis | ATCC 33277 | |
Fusobacterium nucleatum | ATCC 25586 | |
Prevotella intermedia | JCM 8353 | |
Fungus | Candida albicancs | FC18 |
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Nagasaki, R.; Nagano, K.; Nezu, T.; Iijima, M. Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Glass and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Enamel Remineralization and Antimicrobial Capabilities. Materials 2023, 16, 6878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216878
Nagasaki R, Nagano K, Nezu T, Iijima M. Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Glass and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Enamel Remineralization and Antimicrobial Capabilities. Materials. 2023; 16(21):6878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216878
Chicago/Turabian StyleNagasaki, Ryota, Keiji Nagano, Takashi Nezu, and Masahiro Iijima. 2023. "Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Glass and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Enamel Remineralization and Antimicrobial Capabilities" Materials 16, no. 21: 6878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216878