Complex Activity and Sensor Potential toward Metal Ions in Environmental Water Samples of N-Phthalimide Azo-Azomethine Dyes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Determination of Protonation Constants of Investigated Compounds
2.2. Testing for Sensors Activity in Acid-Base Titration
2.3. Study of Complex Formation process
2.3.1. Spectral Characterization of the Complexes
2.3.2. Determination of Complex Stoichiometry and Stability
2.4. Electrochemical Characterization of the Compounds and Their Metal Complex Formation
2.5. Sensor Activity Test toward Determination of Cu(II) in Environmental Samples
2.6. Analytical Performances of the Method
2.7. Reagents and Solutions
2.8. Spectral Measurements
2.9. Electrochemistry
2.9.1. Instrumentation
2.9.2. Voltammetric Procedures
2.9.3. Potentiometric Measurements
2.10. Testing for Indicator Activity
2.11. Testing for Sensor Activity toward Copper Ions in Water Samples
2.12. Procedure for Metal Determination
3. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compound | pK Determination by Potentiometry; pH = f(VNaOH) | pK Determination by Potentiometry: | pK Determine by UV–Vis [35] | Mean pKa Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
NAP-1 | 7.25 ± 0.15 * | 6.89 | 7.09 ± 0.08 | 7.08 |
NAP-2 | 5.87 ± 0.08 | 5.57 | 5.75 ± 0.04 | 5.73 |
NAP-3 | 6.10 ± 0.08 | 6.32 | 6.21 ± 0.06 | 6.21 |
Compounds | λabs (nm) | λem (nm) | Stokes Shift (cm−1) |
---|---|---|---|
N-AMP1 | 362 | 428 | 4260 |
N-AMP1 + Cu(II) | 363 | 431 | 4340 |
N-AMP1 + Ni(II) | 364 | 412 | 3200 |
N-AMP1 + Co(II) | 362 | 410 | 3230 |
N-AMP1 + Pb(II) | 363 | 411 | 3217 |
N-AMP2 | 398 | 397 | 3620 |
N-AMP2 + Cu(II) | 383 | 397 | 920 |
N-AMP2 + Ni(II) | 389 | 436 | 2770 |
N-AMP2 + Co(II) | 387 | 436 | 2900 |
N-AMP2 + Pb(II) | 377 | 423 | 2884 |
N-AMP3 | 385 | 496 | 5812 |
N-AMP3 + Cu(II) | 383 | 496 | 5950 |
N-AMP3 + Ni(II) | 381 | 492 | 5920 |
N-AMP3 + Co(II) | 378 | 493 | 6180 |
N-AMP3 + Pb(II) | 377 | 490 | 6111 |
Sample/Volume for Analysis, mL | Concentration of Cu(II) (Real Sample + Amound Added), mol L−1 | Concentration Obtained, mol L−1 | Concentration Recovered, mol L−1 | Recovery (R, %) *, % | Relative Error, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1/0.050 mL | 1.299 × 10−5 | 1.312 × 10−5 | 1.034 × 10−5 | 101.3 | 1.3 |
S1/0.100 mL | 1.854 × 10−5 | 1.834 × 10−5 | 1.001 × 10−5 | 98.05 | −1.9 |
S2/0.050 mL | 1.198 × 10−5 | 1.208 × 10−5 | 1.031 × 10−5 | 100.9 | 0.4 |
S2/0.100 mL | 1.376 × 10−5 | 1.388 × 10−5 | 1.033 × 10−5 | 101.2 | 1.2 |
Sampling Stations | Location |
---|---|
S1: Topolnitsa River, before Pirdopska River | GPS: N42 39 27 E24 08 15 |
S2: Medets’ka River at HPP: (hydroelectric power station) | GPS: N42 39 05 E24 09 |
Metal Component | Al | Ba | Be | Bi | Cd | Ca | Cr | Co | Cu | |
Concentration, mg L−1 | S1 | 35.69(0.04) * | <0.010 | <0.005 | <0.010 | <0.002 | 122.8(0.7) | 0.012(0.000) | 0.423(0.002) | 24.70(0.03) |
S2 | 20.86(0.06) * | <0.010 | <0.005 | <0.010 | <0.002 | 118.9(0.8) | 0.015(0.000) | 0.261(0.002) | 15.79(0.04) | |
Metal Component | Fe | Pb | Mg | Mn | Ni | K | Se | Na | Sr | |
Concentration, mg L−1 | S1 | 0.583(0.003) | <0.010 | 111.7(0.3) | 5.678(0.004) | 0.126(0.002) | 4.839(0.007) | <0.010 | 20.60 (0.06) | 0.787(0.001) |
S2 | 0.512(0.003) | <0.010 | 80.21(0.04) | 3.674(0.004) | 0.088(0.002) | 7.559(0.011) | <0.010 | 27.60 (0.06) | 0.637(0.001) | |
Metal Component | Sb | As | Mo | P | Si | Tl | S | Sn | Zn | |
Concentration, mg L−1 | S1 | <0.010 | <0.010 | <0.010 | <0.010 | 7.898(0.005) | <0.010 | 324.1(1.4) | 0.075(0.003) | 1.445(0.004) |
S2 | <0.010 | <0.010 | <0.010 | <0.010 | 5.866(0.005) | <0.010 | 232.5(1.5) | 0.114(0.004) | 0.934(0.003) |
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Georgieva, S.; Bezfamilnyi, A.; Georgiev, A.; Varbanov, M. Complex Activity and Sensor Potential toward Metal Ions in Environmental Water Samples of N-Phthalimide Azo-Azomethine Dyes. Molecules 2021, 26, 5885. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195885
Georgieva S, Bezfamilnyi A, Georgiev A, Varbanov M. Complex Activity and Sensor Potential toward Metal Ions in Environmental Water Samples of N-Phthalimide Azo-Azomethine Dyes. Molecules. 2021; 26(19):5885. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195885
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorgieva, Stela, Artem Bezfamilnyi, Anton Georgiev, and Marian Varbanov. 2021. "Complex Activity and Sensor Potential toward Metal Ions in Environmental Water Samples of N-Phthalimide Azo-Azomethine Dyes" Molecules 26, no. 19: 5885. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195885