Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Predictive Value of Fetal Growth Measurements by Ultrasonography at 22–24 Weeks: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Medical Records
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Participants
2.2. Data Collection and Definitions
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Key Results
4.2. Interpretation
4.3. Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | No GDM (n = 35,855) | GDM (n = 8324) | p * |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean years (SD) | 28.6 (3.9) | 29.7 (4.2) | <0.001 |
Age Categories, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
<25 | 5129 (14) | 729 (9) | |
25 to <30 | 17,495 (49) | 3567 (43) | |
30 to <35 | 10,482 (29) | 2851 (34) | |
≥35 | 2749 (8) | 1177 (14) | |
Parous, n (%) | 10,777 (30) | 2778 (33) | <0.001 |
Maternal Height, mean cm (SD) | 162.0 (4.6) | 161.6 (4.7) | <0.001 |
Maternal Height Categories, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
<160 | 5503 (24) | 1469 (27) | |
160 to <165 | 10,614 (46) | 2444 (44) | |
165 to <170 | 5631 (24) | 1258 (23) | |
≥170 | 1577 (7) | 336 (6) | |
Missing | 12,530 (35) | 2817 (34) | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI kg/m2, mean (SD) | 21.8 (3.1) | 23.0 (3.3) | <0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI Categories, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
Underweight (<18.5) | 2894 (8) | 352 (4) | |
Normal (18.5 to <25) | 17,141 (48) | 3768 (45) | |
Overweight (25 to <30) | 2841 (8) | 1168 (14) | |
Obese (≥30) | 369 (1) | 191 (2) | |
Missing | 12,610 (35) | 2845 (34) | |
Gestational Length, mean weeks (SD) | 40.1 (1.4) | 39.8 (1.5) | <0.001 |
Male Fetus, n (%) | 18,503 (52) | 4337 (52) | 0.41 |
Birth Length, mean cm (SD) | 50.1 (1.4) | 50.0 (1.6) | 0.28 |
Birth Weight, mean g (SD) | 3384 (445) | 3418 (485) | <0.001 |
Birth Weight Categories, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
<2500 | 869 (3.5) | 247 (4.2) | |
2500 to <4000 | 20,916 (84.9) | 4771 (81.0) | |
≥4000 | 2848 (11.6) | 872 (14.8) | |
Missing | 11,222 (31) | 2434 (30) |
Main Exposure | GDM, n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR † (95% CI) | Adjusted OR ‡ (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
AC | ||||
<10th percentile (n = 2442) | 436 (17.9) | 0.94(0.84, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.11) |
10th–90th percentile (n = 36,036) | 6773 (18.8) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
>90th percentile (n = 5701) | 1115 (19.6) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) |
HC | ||||
<10th percentile (n = 4219) | 856 (20.3) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) * | 1.17 (1.08, 1.27) * | 1.15 (1.06, 1.25) * |
10th–90th percentile (n = 35,299) | 6599 (18.7) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
>90th percentile (n = 4661) | 869 (18.6) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) |
FL | ||||
<10th percentile (n = 4069) | 842 (20.7) | 1.14 (1.05, 1.23) * | 1.21 (1.12, 1.31) * | 1.17 (1.08, 1.27) * |
10th–90th percentile (n = 37,350) | 6948 (18.6) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
>90th percentile (n = 2760) | 534 (19.3) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) |
EFW | ||||
<10th percentile (n = 3010) | 599 (19.9) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 1.16 (1.05, 1.27) * | 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) * |
10th–90th percentile (n = 33,614) | 6245 (18.6) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
>90th percentile (n = 7555) | 1480 (19.6) | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) * | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) |
Fetal Growth at 22–24 Weeks Gestation | Adjusted OR † | p-Value of Interaction Term | |
---|---|---|---|
Nulliparous | Parous | ||
AC < 10th percentile | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.26) | 0.74 |
HC < 10th percentile | 1.10 (1.00, 1.21) | 1.28 (1.10, 1.48) * | 0.11 |
FL < 10th percentile | 1.12 (1.02, 1.24) * | 1.34 (1.15, 1.55) * | 0.08 |
EFW < 10th percentile | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 1.26 (1.06, 1.49) * | 0.20 |
AC > 90th percentile | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | 0.71 |
HC > 90th percentile | 0.96 (0.87, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.13) | 0.85 |
FL > 90th percentile | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.04 * |
EFW > 90th percentile | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) | 0.27 |
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Jin, D.; Rich-Edwards, J.W.; Chen, C.; Huang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xu, X.; Liu, J.; Liu, Z.; Gao, Y.; Zou, S.; et al. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Predictive Value of Fetal Growth Measurements by Ultrasonography at 22–24 Weeks: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Medical Records. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3645. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123645
Jin D, Rich-Edwards JW, Chen C, Huang Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu J, Liu Z, Gao Y, Zou S, et al. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Predictive Value of Fetal Growth Measurements by Ultrasonography at 22–24 Weeks: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Medical Records. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3645. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123645
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Danyao, Janet Wilson Rich-Edwards, Chunyi Chen, Yue Huang, Yinping Wang, Xiangrong Xu, Jue Liu, Zheng Liu, Yaqing Gao, Siyu Zou, and et al. 2020. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Predictive Value of Fetal Growth Measurements by Ultrasonography at 22–24 Weeks: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Medical Records" Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3645. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123645