Group B Streptococcus-Induced Macropinocytosis Contributes to Bacterial Invasion of Brain Endothelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. GBS Infection Increases Rates of Endocytosis
2.2. Inhibition of PLC Decreases GBS Invasion
2.3. Inhibition of PKC Decreases Invasion of GBS
2.4. Nox2 Contributes to GBS Invasion of BECs
2.5. PMA Stimulates Macropinocytosis and Increases Bacterial Invasion
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains and Cell Lines
4.2. Brain Endothelial-Cell Differentiation
4.3. Bacterial Preparation and Infection Assays
4.4. Flow Cytometry
4.5. Inhibitors and Antibodies
4.6. Live/Dead Assays
4.7. Growth Curves
4.8. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Espinal, E.R.; Matthews, T.; Holder, B.M.; Bee, O.B.; Humber, G.M.; Brook, C.E.; Divyapicigil, M.; Sharp, J.; Kim, B.J. Group B Streptococcus-Induced Macropinocytosis Contributes to Bacterial Invasion of Brain Endothelial Cells. Pathogens 2022, 11, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040474
Espinal ER, Matthews T, Holder BM, Bee OB, Humber GM, Brook CE, Divyapicigil M, Sharp J, Kim BJ. Group B Streptococcus-Induced Macropinocytosis Contributes to Bacterial Invasion of Brain Endothelial Cells. Pathogens. 2022; 11(4):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040474
Chicago/Turabian StyleEspinal, Eric R., Teralan Matthews, Brianna M. Holder, Olivia B. Bee, Gabrielle M. Humber, Caroline E. Brook, Mustafa Divyapicigil, Jerod Sharp, and Brandon J. Kim. 2022. "Group B Streptococcus-Induced Macropinocytosis Contributes to Bacterial Invasion of Brain Endothelial Cells" Pathogens 11, no. 4: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040474