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16 pages, 1248 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Presentation, Prognosis and Outcomes in Paralytic Dogs with a Compressive and a Contusive Intervertebral Disc Disease

by Anna Kurtscheidt, Stefan Rupp, Ute Müller and Franck Forterre

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(3), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12030287 - 19 Mar 2025

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Abstract

This retrospective study aims to investigate whether dogs with a contusive and dogs with a compressive intervertebral disc disease share comparable outcomes and prognoses when presenting with the same neurological grade. A total of 50 dogs with IVDE (compression group) and 45 dogs with ANNPE (contusion group) were included in this study. The protocol involved a thorough review of the medical records and CT/MRI images of the included dogs. Data encompassing signalment, initial clinical signs, post-diagnosis treatment and short-term outcomes (less than 8 months) were collected from the patient records. Information on long-term outcomes (more than 8 months) was obtained through interviews with the owners. Dogs in the compression group displayed clinical signs at a statistically significant younger age and were more likely to experience deteriorating neurological deficits compared to the contusion group. Conversely, dogs with contusions had a significantly higher incidence of external trauma history and vocalization at the onset of clinical signs. In both groups, the most affected spinal cord segment was T3-L3. The overall recovery rate to regain independent ambulation was 71% in the contusion group vs. 80% in the compression group. While some of the examined parameters revealed differences, most did not significantly differ between the groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Surgery)

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13 pages, 581 KB

Open AccessArticle

Outcome of the Use of Clinical Reasoning Alone in Dogs with Acute Thoracolumbar Myelopathy and/or Pain

by Bruno Scalia and Paul Freeman

Animals 2024, 14(7), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14071017 - 27 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2373

Abstract

Acute thoracolumbar myelopathy is a common neurological presentation in dogs. Although certain spinal conditions present with characteristic clinical pictures, managing such cases with clinical reasoning alone (i.e., without cross-sectional imaging) has never been explored. The aim of this study was to define the outcome of patients with suspected intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE), ischaemic myelopathy (IM) or acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) that were managed with clinical reasoning alone. The database of the Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital (Cambridge) was searched for paraparetic or paraplegic dogs with suspected IVDE or IM/ANNPE that were initially managed medically without undergoing imaging. Clinical presentation and outcome were recorded. If cross-sectional imaging was subsequently performed, information about the final diagnosis was collected and compared with the initially suspected diagnosis. A total of 123 IVDE cases were collected: 81% had a successful outcome with no imaging performed; 16% had IVDE confirmed with imaging and successful outcome with surgery or medical management; and just 3% were found to have an alternative diagnosis or were euthanised without imaging. A total of 16 IM/ANNPE cases were collected: 94% had a successful outcome, and one dog was euthanised. Successful outcomes can be obtained by using clinical reasoning alone in most dogs with suspected IVDE or IM/ANNPE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Clinical Studies)

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20 pages, 5889 KB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Spinal Shock on the Neurorehabilitation of ANNPE Dogs

by Débora Gouveia, Ana Cardoso, Carla Carvalho, Ana Rita Gonçalves, Óscar Gamboa, Rute Canejo-Teixeira, António Ferreira and Ângela Martins

Animals 2022, 12(12), 1557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121557 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4573

Abstract

Acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) is related to contusive spinal cord injuries, and dogs usually appear to be exercising vigorously at the time of onset. ANNPE has a characteristic peracute onset of clinical signs during exercise or following trauma, with non-progressive signs during the first 24 h and possibly signs of spinal shock. The main aim was to assess if the presence of spinal shock affects the neurorehabilitation outcomes of ANNPE dogs. This prospective controlled cohort clinical study was conducted at the Arrábida Rehabilitation Center. All of the dogs had T3–L3 injuries and were paraplegic/monoplegic with/without nociception, the study group (n = 14) included dogs with ANNPE spinal shock dogs, and the control group (n = 19) included ANNPE dogs without spinal shock. The study group was also evaluated using a new scale—the Spinal Shock Scale (SSS)—and both groups were under the same intensive neurorehabilitation protocol. Spinal shock was a negative factor for a successful outcome within less time. SSS scores > 4 required additional hospitalization days. The protocol was safe, tolerable, and feasible and accomplished 32% ambulation within 7 days, 29% in 14 days, and 29% in 30 days. The results were better than those obtained in previous studies—94% at 60 days—and 75% of the dogs without nociception recovered ambulation. Long-term follows-ups carried out 4 years later revealed a positive evolution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research Advances in Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Animals)

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19 pages, 7174 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Optimization of Hybrid Polymeric Nanoparticles of Apigenin: Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

by Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Syed Sarim Imam, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, Mohd Yasir, Musarrat Husain Warsi, Ali Alquraini, Mohammed M. Ghoneim and Sultan Alshehri

Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041364 - 10 Feb 2022

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3872

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females and ranked second after skin cancer. The use of natural compounds is a good alternative for the treatment of breast cancer with less toxicity than synthetic drugs. The aim of the present study is to develop and characterize hybrid Apigenin (AN) Nanoparticles (NPs) for oral delivery (AN-NPs). The hybrid AN-NPs were prepared by the self-assembly method using lecithin, chitosan and TPGS. Further, the NPs were optimized by Box-Behnken design (3-factor, 3-level). The hybrid NPs were evaluated for particle size (PS), entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential (ZP), and drug release. The optimized hybrid NPs (ON2), were further evaluated for solid state characterization, permeation, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial study. The formulation (ON2) exhibited small PS of 192.6 ± 4.2 nm, high EE 69.35 ± 1.1%, zeta potential of +36.54 mV, and sustained drug release (61.5 ± 2.5% in 24 h), as well as significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced drug permeation and antioxidant activity. The IC₅₀ of pure AN was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the formulation (ON2). It also showed significantly greater (p < 0.05) antibacterial activity than pure AN against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium. From these findings, it revealed that a hybrid AN polymeric nanoparticle is a good carrier for the treatment of breast cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical and Electrochemical Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications)

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