52 Results Found

Indigenous institutions play a vital role in fighting HIV stigma by leveraging their cultural knowledge, leadership, and community connections. Understanding HIV/AIDS attitudes, information gaps, and stigma among members of indigenous institutions is...

Full waveform inversion (FWI) iteratively improves the accuracy of the model by minimizing the discrepancies between the predicted and the observed data. However, FWI commonly suffers from cycle skipping when the initial model is poor, leading to an...

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are a global health issue with an increasing burden and are exacerbated by hypertension. High blood pressure is partly attributed to genetic variants that are generally not well understood or extensively...

Bamboo is an abundant resource in Ethiopia and has a great potential for commercialization, which can drive rural development. In view of these realities, this study analyzed the state and determinants of small-scale bamboo commercialization in Ethio...

In the past, it has been reported that the black South African population may have a cardio-protective lipid profile; however, this may no longer be the case with urbanization, industrialization, and the nutritional transition that occurred in South...

Agriculture is a risky business that is subject to endogenous risks. Endogenous risks caused by input utilization, input affordability and input availability may prove detrimental to the production potential of farmers. The study was aimed at examini...

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are the leading cause of infectious diarrhea and pose a significant global, regional, and national burden of disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of six DEC pathotypes in children with diarrhea...

It is known that the quantity, makeup, and distribution of bodily fluids have a significant impact on the cognitive health, physiological health, and cell activity of human beings. This narrative could be influenced by the level of knowledge about hy...

A two stage burned scar detection approach is applied to produce a burned scar map for Mediterranean Europe using IRS-AWiFS imagery acquired at the end of the 2009 fire season. The first stage identified burned scar seeds based on a learning algorith...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the most common cancers globally. The incidence has increased in developing countries in the past few decades, this could be partly attributed to aging populations and unhealthy lifestyles. While the tre...

The concept of engaging the community in the results of research or returning individual results to the respective participants seems more of an afterthought than an integral part of research processes. The study aims to assess the impact of research...

Taking advantage of the short pulse duration and the high repetition rate of the fs pulse train, amplification without inversion (AWI) can be achieved in two- or three-level atomic systems. A modulation method using a static magnetic field to control...

We aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measures characterizing anterior, lateral, and posterior acetabular coverage on intraoperative fluoroscopic images compared to postoperative radiographs when performing periacetabular osteotomies...

The HYDRUS unsaturated flow and transport model was modified to simulate the effects of non-linear air-water interfacial (AWI) adsorption, solution surface tension-induced flow, and variable solution viscosity on the unsaturated transport of per- and...

Arctic sea ice variations are sensitive to Arctic environmental changes and global changes. Freeboard and thickness are two important parameters in sea ice change research. Satellite altimetry can provide long-time and large-scale sea ice monitoring....

We aimed to investigate the role of [¹⁸F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the early detection of arterial wall inflammation (AWI) in melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Our retrospective st...

The sustainable utilization of water resources is a significant factor in the development of the national economy and society. Regional water resources carrying capacity (RWRCC) is an appropriate method for evaluating the balance in such utilization....

Arctic and subarctic regions are sensitive to climate change and, reversely, provide dramatic feedbacks to the global climate. With a focus on discovering paleoclimate and paleoceanographic evolution in the Arctic and Northwest Pacific Oceans during...

Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) has become a routine technology for resolving the structure of biological macromolecules due to the resolution revolution in recent years. The specimens are typically prepared in a very thin layer of vitrified ice s...

This paper presents the results of one of the hydrological models, the InVEST “Annual Water Yield” (InVEST–AWY), applied to the Meta River basin in Colombia, which covers an area of 113,981 km². The study evaluates the performa...

Climate change (CC) is impacting the hydrology in the basins of the Himalayan region. Thus, this could have significant implications for people who rely on basin water for their lives and livelihoods. However, there are very few studies on the Himala...

This article presents and technically describes a new field spectro-goniometer system for the ground-based characterization of the surface reflectance anisotropy under natural illumination conditions developed at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)....

The importance of comfort during transfer and stationing becomes a key performance parameter for large yacht design, on the same level as propulsive issues. Such a matter extends questions in terms of form and service demand to the motion behaviour o...

Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) efforts are critical for sustainable natural resource governance in Northwest Ethiopia. This study investigated the various aspects of CBFM, emphasizing practical implementation in the context of the Awi Admin...

In rice, semi-dwarfism is among the most required characteristics, as it facilitates better yields and offers lodging resistance. Here, semi-dwarf rice lines lacking any residual transgene-DNA and off-target effects were generated through CRISPR/Cas9...

The goal of this study is to evaluate annual and seasonal inflow from the Volga catchment area to the Caspian Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM ~21,000 years ago) using paleoclimate modeling data. The first approach is based on the LGM simulat...

By 2023, deforestation in the Cerrado biome surpassed 50% of its original area, primarily due to the conversion of native vegetation to pasture and agricultural land. In addition to anthropogenic pressure, climate change has intensified hydrological...

Satellite altimeters can be used to derive long-term and large-scale sea ice thickness changes. Sea ice thickness retrieval is based on measurements of freeboard, and the conversion of freeboard to thickness requires knowledge of the snow depth and s...

Tsunami inundation estimates are of crucial importance to hazard and risk assessments. In the context of tsunami forecast, numerical simulations are becoming more feasible with the growth of computational power. Uncertainties regarding source determi...

This paper summarizes the main factors affecting the large deformation of soft rock tunnels, including the lithology combination, weathering effect, and underground water status, by reviewing the typical cases of largely-deformed soft rock tunnels. T...

This paper presents a hydrological assessment of the 113,981 km² Meta River basin in Colombia using 13 global climate models to predict water yield for 2050 under two CMIP6 scenarios, SSP 4.5 and SSP 8.5. Despite mixed performance across subbasins, t...

In the wake of the Tunisian Revolution of 2011, Ennahda leader Rached Ghannouchi distanced his party from the main Islamist paradigm, which is spearheaded primarily by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and announced the separation of the religious mov...

This study examines the effects of two representative colloid-sized clay particles (kaolinite, KGa-1b and montmorillonite, ST_x-1b) on the transport of formaldehyde (FA) in unsaturated porous media. The transport of FA was examined with and without th...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may potentially cause vision loss and affect the patient’s quality of life (QoL) and treatment satisfaction (TS). Using specific tools, we aimed to assess the impact of DR and clinical factors on the QoL and TS in pati...

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being used for high-stake applications that can greatly impact people’s lives. Sometimes, these models can be biased toward certain social groups on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity. Many pri...

The continuous monitoring of radioactivity in a cabled subsea network in the North Sea Observatory was performed to test the performance of a medium-resolution underwater spectrometer, as well as to identify and to assess potential anthropogenic and/...

Obesity is a growing epidemic that threatens to deplete healthcare resources by increasing the prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, and chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of general and central obesity among the rur...

We evaluated the optical quality of two approaches to trifocality: polypseudophakia versus monopseudophakia. The combination (polypseudophakia) of a monofocal Basis Z B1AWY0 and AddOn Trifocal A4DW0M intraocular lens (IOL) was compared to using one B...

Background/Objectives: Rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip (RPOH) has unique diagnostic and surgical challenges due to rapid joint degeneration and acetabular structural alterations. This study aimed to investigate correlations between preo...

Tropical cyclones, one of the most extreme and destructive meteorological incidents, cause extensive damage to lives and livelihoods worldwide. This study utilized remotely sensed data along with multi-criteria decision-making, geospatial techniques,...

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is a critical region for ecological and environmental protection in China, exerting significant influence on regional and national development. However, the intensification of climate change poses severe challen...

This article presents an original study on the impact of climate change and the area of windows A_wi (factor X₁), the thermal transmittance coefficient of windows U_wi (factor X₂), and the coefficient of total solar transmittance factor of the glazing...

This study evaluates the performance of 6 global climate models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) for simulating temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and relative humidity over 29 cities in Indonesia. Modern-Era...

New calculations of the relative optical air mass function are made over the 0°–87° range of apparent solar zenith angle θ, for various vertical profiles of background aerosol, diamond dust and thin cirrus cloud particle extinction coefficient in th...

Sea-ice surface roughness (SIR) is a crucial parameter in climate and oceanographic studies, constraining momentum transfer between the atmosphere and ocean, providing preconditioning for summer-melt pond extent, and being related to ice age and thic...

Background: Diabetes mellitus [DM) is a fast-increasing non-communicable disease in South Africa, with a prevalence of 11.3%. The present study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association of carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT) progression a...

Over the past several decades, urbanisation has spread rapidly over the globe. Research on the viability of urban stormwater drainage systems and the search for solutions to the related problems constitute an important prerequisite for their sustaina...

Background: Frailty is a common syndrome amongst older individuals characterized by a progressive long-term loss of physical and or cognitive resilience. Given the high prevalence and chronic conditions and the lack of literature on frailty among rur...

Sea ice thickness (SIT) is an important parameter in the study of climate change. During the past 20 years, satellite altimetry has been widely used to observe sea ice thickness. The Chinese Haiyang-2B (HY-2B) radar altimeter, launched in October 201...

In recent years there has been an increased interest in ocean surveillance. The activity includes control and monitoring of illegal fisheries, manmade ocean pollution and illegal sea traffic surveillance, etc. The key problem is how to identify ships...