Search Results (372)

Adolescence is a critical period for identity formation and psychological adjustment, where parenting styles play a fundamental role in shaping socialization and emotional development. The present study analyzed the relationships of parenting styles with the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect), self-esteem, and life satisfaction in older Spanish adolescents. A sample of 366 Spanish university students (69.1% girls and 30.9% boys) aged 18 and 19 years completed measures assessing parenting styles, personality traits, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Data analysis involved a multivariate approach, considering the four parenting styles as independent variables. The results of the MANOVA test indicate that adolescents raised with indulgent and authoritative parenting exhibit significantly higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, self-esteem, and life satisfaction compared to those raised with neglectful or authoritarian parenting. These findings highlight the influence of parenting styles not only on adolescent well-being, but also on personality development. Full article

Low health literacy (HL) is associated with numerous negative health behaviors and outcomes, making it crucial to understand its underlying determinants. While associations between sociodemographic variables and subjective HL have already been demonstrated, data on the association between HL and personality remain limited. This study aims to extend the current knowledge by exploring how personality traits influence HL, beyond the effects of sociodemographic variables on HL. A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 238 healthy participants aged 50 to 92 years. Personality was measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and subjective health literacy using the HLS-EU-Q47 questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyses as well as a multiple linear regression analysis with the Big Five personality traits, sex, age, and education as predictors of subjective health literacy were performed. The General-HL index was 37.22 (SD 7.98), which corresponds to sufficient or non-limited health literacy. The Big Five personality traits accounted for 32.2% of the variance in health literacy. Of the traits, Conscientiousness emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.31, medium effect), followed by Neuroticism (β = −0.21, small effect) and Openness to experience (β = 0.15, small effect). Sex was also a significant predictor of health literacy (β = 0.14, small effect). These results suggest that personality plays a significant role in health literacy, with higher Conscientiousness, lower Neuroticism, and higher Openness to experience, as well as female sex, predicting better health literacy. These findings underscore the importance of considering personality traits in interventions aimed at improving health literacy, with potential implications for both theoretical understanding and practical application in healthcare settings. Full article

The objective of this systematic review was to explore the interaction between Dark Triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and other personality dimensions in the workplace, and how these combinations impact the performance of employees and leaders. Fifteen empirical studies published since 2014 were analyzed, which assessed the influence of Dark Triad traits along with other personality dimensions, such as the traditional Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), on performance, interpersonal relationships, and organizational satisfaction. The results suggest that narcissism is negatively related to agreeableness and self-control, Machiavellianism to empathy and agreeableness, and psychopathy to conscientiousness and empathy. These traits also affect job performance, as narcissism and Machiavellianism are associated with work addiction, while psychopathy is linked to lower responsibility and self-control. Additionally, leaders with high levels of Dark Triad traits experience reduced performance, especially in lower hierarchical roles. It was found that emotional stability can moderate the negative impact of narcissism, and that less regulated organizational contexts exhibit more interactions involving these dark traits. These findings provide valuable insights for developing talent assessment and management strategies aimed at improving organizational performance and climate through evidence-based approaches. Full article

This study explored the psychological determinants of pro-environmental behaviors through a multidimensional approach, integrating the roles of self-efficacy, personality traits and environmental attitudes (verbal, actual and affective commitment). While previous research has primarily examined general ecological engagement, this study differentiated between three specific domains: general ecological behaviors, prosocial and volunteering actions in the ecological context, and household chemical usage. A sample of 669 participants completed measures assessing the Big Five personality traits, self-efficacy and environmental commitment dimensions. Regression analyses revealed that environmental attitudes were the strongest predictors of general ecological behavior, while actual commitment, self-efficacy and extraversion played key roles in prosocial engagement and volunteering in the ecological context. Neuroticism and extraversion emerged as the strongest predictors of household chemical usage. The study suggests that the influence of personality traits on pro-environmental behavior may be context-dependent, with certain traits playing a more significant role when the behavior involves direct social engagement. Additionally, our findings emphasize the importance of fostering environmental commitment as a key driver of sustained ecological behavior, rather than relying solely on personality-driven tendencies or self-efficacy. Full article

Background: Smartphone usage in school-aged children has increased over the last two decades. This overuse interferes with emotion regulation and interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this work was to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction risk and personality dimensions in primary school children. Methods: The aim of this research is to verify the percentage of Smartphone Addiction (SA) in a sample of primary school children and to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and SA. The Smartphone Addiction Risk Children Questionnaire (SARCQ) and the Big Five Children (BFC) questionnaire were administered to a sample (N = 94) of children. Results: We found that, in our sample, the percentage of children matching the definition of emotional addiction to smartphones was 16% and that a subgroup of children using smartphones as a transitional object represented 15% of the sample. The correlations between the SARCQ and BFC questionnaire factors showed a significant negative correlation between the “I’m not afraid with you” (INAWY) factor and Friendliness, Conscientiousness, and Openness, showing that children with low socialization capacities are prone to use smartphones as a means to handle negative internal states. In contrast, a positive correlation between the INAWY and the Emotional Instability factors has been observed. For the “Linus’s Blanket” (LB) factor, a significant negative correlation with the Friendliness and Conscientiousness factors was observed. Conclusions: The risk of SA, with the use of smartphones as “emotion-handling tools” or as “transitional objects”, was observed in children with personality dimensions associated with higher risk. Full article

Cultural ecosystem services (CESs) are essential for the sustainable development and management of urban green spaces. However, there remains a gap in leveraging big data and unsupervised machine learning to comprehensively evaluate perceived CESs. This study introduces a hybrid research methodology integrating latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) and importance–performance analysis (IPA) to analyze 20,087 user-generated reviews of Fragrance Hill Park in Beijing from Meituan. The key findings are the following: (1) ten types of CESs were identified, including five related to personal well-being, four to public well-being, and one bridging both categories; (2) the most significant dimensions were “recreational activities”, “aesthetic appreciation”, “physical well-being”, and “mental well-being”; (3) users expressed positive sentiments toward “history and culture”, “mental well-being”, and “religious engagement”, while “social relations” received the most negative feedback; (4) IPA results highlight “recreational activities” and “aesthetic appreciation” as priority areas for improvement. This study provides a scalable, data-driven framework for evaluating CESs in urban green spaces. The insights gained can inform urban green space management and policy decisions to enhance user experiences and promote sustainable urban development. Full article

The purpose of this paper is to predict compulsive buying based on the integration of explanatory units located at different levels of personality analysis (dispositional vs. motivational variables). More specifically, we propose a causal model that examines the extent to which personal projects (particularly, the domains of meaning and stress) channel the influence of the Big Five personality traits on compulsive buying. The results obtained from a structural equation analysis using a sample of 487 university students generally confirm the suitability of this mediating model. Specifically, while the meaning of projects channels the influence of all traits on compulsive buying, neuroticism and conscientiousness have—in addition to a direct influence on compulsive buying—an indirect influence through the stress of personal projects. The findings obtained not only make it possible to better understand the dynamics between personal variables of different nature and compulsive buying but also allow us to suggest some guidelines for preventive action and intervention on this complex problem. Full article

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies based on big language models are becoming a transformative power that reshapes the future shape of education. Although the impact of GenAI on education is a key issue, there is little exploration of the challenges and response strategies of GenAI on the sustainability of education from a public perspective. This data mining study selected ChatGPT as a representative tool for GenAI. Five topics and 14 modular semantic communities of public attitudes towards using ChatGPT in education were identified through Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and the semantic network community discovery process on 40,179 user comments collected from social media platforms. The results indicate public ambivalence about whether GenAI technology is empowering or disruptive to education. On the one hand, the public recognizes the potential of GenAI in education, including intelligent tutoring, role-playing, personalized services, content creation, and language learning, where effective communication and interaction can stimulate users’ creativity. On the other hand, the public is worried about the impact of users’ technological dependence on the development of innovative capabilities, the erosion of traditional knowledge production by AI-generated content (AIGC), the undermining of educational equity by potential cheating, and the substitution of students by the passing or good performance of GenAI on skills tests. In addition, some irresponsible and unethical usage behaviors were identified, including the direct use of AIGC and using GenAI tool to pass similarity checks. This study provides a practical basis for educational institutions to re-examine the teaching and learning approaches, assessment strategies, and talent development goals and to formulate policies on the use of AI to promote the vision of AI for sustainable development in education. Full article

This pilot study investigated how viewers perceive Monica Geller’s personality using three evidence-based personality models: Big Five, HEXACO, and Cloninger’s Biopsychosocial Model. Additionally, it examined how these perceptions are associated to audiences’ engagement in parasocial relationships with this iconic character from the sitcom Friends. A sample of sixty-three participants assessed Monica’s personality by responding to the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the HEXACO-60, and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-60). Participants also completed the Multidimensional Measure of Parasocial Relationships (MMPR). Personality scores were contextualized against U.S. population norms (N_BFI = 711, N_HEXACO = 1126, N_TCI = 1948) and Pearson correlations were conducted to explore associations between personality traits and the Affective, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Decisional dimensions of parasocial engagement. Normative comparisons revealed Monica’s perceived Openness and Agreeableness in the Big Five and her Openness and Agreeableness in the HEXACO as significantly below average, while her Big Five Neuroticism and her HEXACO Conscientiousness were significantly above average. In the Biopsychosocial Model, Monica’s Persistence was significantly higher than population norms, while Cooperativeness was significantly lower. Big Five Agreeableness showed correlations across all parasocial engagement dimensions. HEXACO Emotionality was strongly linked to the Affective and Behavioral dimensions, while Honesty–Humility was associated with Cognitive parasocial engagement. In the Biopsychosocial Model, Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness were associated with Cognitive and Affective parasocial engagement, while Self-Directedness was linked to the Behavioral dimension. The Biopsychosocial Model offered the most comprehensive insights, capturing the multidimensional nature of viewer–character engagement. The Big Five and HEXACO models added valuable perspectives, particularly in explaining that traits associated with trust and kindness are linked to decision making. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating multiple personality frameworks to advance the understanding of parasocial relationship engagement, shedding light on the nuanced ways personality traits shape audience perceptions and relationships with media characters, with significant implications for media psychology and personality research. Limitations and avenues for future developments are discussed, building on the insights from this pilot study. Full article

Objectives: According to the personality five-factor theory (FFT), this study explored a structural equation model for women with breast cancer involving variables, including extraversion and neuroticism, post-breast-cancer stress, demoralization, sleep disturbances, and psychological well-being (PWB). Methods: A total of 351 women with breast cancer were recruited from mid-Taiwan for the cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Results: In this model, extraversion had direct effects on demoralization (−0.21), sleep disturbances (−0.16), and PWB (0.36); neuroticism had direct effects on post-breast-cancer stress (0.28), demoralization (0.12), and sleep disturbances (0.19); post-breast-cancer stress had direct effects on demoralization (0.71) and PWB (0.38); demoralization had direct effects on sleep disturbances (0.33) and PWB (−0.75). Accordingly, extraversion had a higher direct influence on demoralization than neuroticism (−0.21 vs. 0.12); however, neuroticism correlated with demoralization more than extraversion with demoralization (0.36 vs. −0.28). Neuroticism had a higher direct influence on sleep disturbances than extraversion on sleep disturbances. With regards to indirect influences, post-breast-cancer stress partially mediated the path from neuroticism to demoralization. Demoralization completely mediated the path from post-breast-cancer stress to sleep disturbances and partially mediated the path from extraversion to sleep disturbances. Moreover, demoralization and post-breast-cancer stress together completely mediated the path from neuroticism to PWB. Furthermore, a suppression effect occurred, making the influence from post-breast-cancer stress to PWB positive, which seemed to characterize post-traumatic growth; meanwhile, the suppression enforced the negative effect of demoralization on PWB. Conclusions: Post-breast-cancer stress and demoralization play important roles in clinical counseling for survivors of women with breast cancer. Full article

Several studies have indicated that parental education predicts children’s intelligence. In contrast, fewer studies have simultaneously analyzed the role of parental intelligence, education, and personality in shaping their children’s giftedness. This study investigated the effects of parental education, cognitive abilities (based on CHC theory), and personality traits (based on the Five-Factor Model) on the expression of gifted children’s cognitive abilities. Sixty-five gifted children (IQ ≥ 120) aged 6 to 14 years (M = 9.91 years; SD = 2.24 years) were assessed using the WISC-IV, while parents (65 mothers, M = 44.00 years; SD = 4.20 years, and 61 fathers, M = 45.70 years; SD = 5.40 years) completed the WAIS-IV and the Big-Five Inventory. The results indicated that maternal education was a key predictor of children’s Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) in bivariate analyses, though its effect was not robust in multivariate models. Children’s Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) was associated with maternal conscientiousness, and fathers’ short-term memory (Gsm) emerged as the primary predictor of children’s Working Memory Index (WMI). Maternal processing speed (Gs) was the strongest predictor of children’s Processing Speed Index (PSI) across both bivariate and multivariate analyses. While personality traits, such as maternal conscientiousness, played a role in facilitating visual-spatial reasoning, their effects were weaker compared to cognitive and educational factors. The findings obtained, which are only partly consistent with data in the literature, highlight the domain-specific influence of parental characteristics on children’s giftedness and underscore the need for further research into the interplay of genetic, cognitive, and environmental factors. Full article

Objectives: The mental health and well-being of university students are crucial areas of research due to their significant impact on academic success, personal development, and overall life satisfaction. Since previous research consistently shows that the stress related to academic challenges can significantly affect mental health, the study aims to examine the relationship between personality traits, locus of control, and psychological well-being outcomes. Methods: In the present study, 67 Italian undergraduate students (19.45 ± 1.62 years) were evaluated to assess the connections between personality traits, locus of control, and key psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and subjective memory complaints. Results: The analyses of the collected variables revealed a strong interrelationship between stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia, contributing to a general construct termed psychological well-being disturbances (PWBD). When considering the Big Five personality traits, a significant positive association with internal control and mindfulness levels was observed both for extraversion and conscientiousness, while neuroticism was associated with increased external control and subjective memory complaints. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of understanding personality traits in shaping psychological well-being and coping mechanisms among students. Educational institutions should consider incorporating personality-based approaches into their support systems, as fostering traits linked to better psychological well-being, such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, may help mitigate the negative impact of stress and anxiety commonly experienced in academic settings. Full article

University student wellbeing, viewed as a crucial factor for academic achievement, has become a significant concern for educational systems worldwide due to the growing incidence of students with increased stress and emotional health problems. Adopting a cross-sectional research design, this study seeks to explore undergraduate students’ academic wellbeing within a Greek academic context by identifying profiles of academic wellbeing as reported by participants in our sample, examine the extent to which these profiles differ by their demographic characteristics, personality traits, and grit, and determine the effects of the big five personality traits and grit on student wellbeing. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method with 206 first-year Greek undergraduate students majoring in Agriculture and Forestry completing an online survey questionnaire. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct academic wellbeing profiles, i.e., low (‘the overwhelmed’), medium (‘the balanced’), and high (‘the resilient’), that statistically differed by gender, age, field of academic studies, grit level, and personality traits. No statistically significant association was found between overall student wellbeing, self-reported grit levels, and personality traits. However, stepwise multiple regression results showed that the grit subscale of consistency of interests negatively predicts certain aspects of student wellbeing outcomes leading to a decline in self-reported levels of wellbeing and increasing levels of negative emotions and meaninglessness. This study further discusses potential initiatives and interventions adopted to enhance student wellbeing in higher education. Full article

In engineering design, the decision-making process holds significant importance as it plays an important role in determining the outcomes of a task. The decision-making process is notably influenced by various factors, with particular focus on the personality traits and information available. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of these factors on quality and confidence in decision-making within the context of engineering design. To achieve this objective, we utilized a simulated design environment that can capture decision-making information. The analysis of personality traits was carried out utilizing the complete Big Five model, while the estimate of the structural equation model was executed by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a machine learning model for quality estimation. The available empirical research indicates that individuals who have a lower degree of extraversion and agreeableness, and higher levels of conscientiousness and openness, are more likely to make decisions of higher quality. These characteristics have been found to have no significant effect on the levels of confidence during the process of making decisions. Furthermore, it was found that the trait of neuroticism has a negative impact on the quality of decision-making but does not have a significant impact on decision-making confidence. The noticeable finding was the strong impact of test-assessed knowledge on decision quality and confidence, in contrast to the lack of significant effect of self-assessed knowledge. This highlights the importance of carefully aligning tasks with individual personality traits in organizations working in the engineering design sector and prioritizing factual demonstrated knowledge rather than subjective self-assessment when assigning decision-making positions to individuals. These findings highlight the importance of considering personality traits and domain knowledge in educational and professional settings to enhance decision-making quality and confidence among engineering students, potentially informing targeted training and assessment practices. Full article

Background/Objectives: The correlation of handgrip strength (HGS) and morphological characteristics with Big Five personality traits is well documented. However, it is unclear whether these relationships also exist in highly trained and specialized populations, such as tactical athletes, and whether there are specific differences compared to the general population. This study aimed to explore the interplay of handgrip neuromuscular, morphological, and psychological characteristics in tactical athletes and the general population of both genders. Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 205 participants. A standardized method, procedure, and equipment (Sports Medical solutions) were used to measure the isometric neuromuscular characteristics of the handgrip. Basic morphological characteristics of body height, body mass, and body mass index were measured with a portable stadiometer and the InBody 720 device. Psychological characteristics were assessed with the Mental Toughness Index and Dark Triad Dirty Dozen questionnaires. Results: Numerous significant correlations were obtained, as well as differences between tactical athletes and the general population of both genders. The most prominent correlations were between the excitation index with Psychopathy and the Dark Triad (ρ = −0.41, −0.39) in female tactical athletes, as well as Neuroticism with body height, maximal force, and the maximum rate of force development in the male general population (ρ = 0.49, 0.43, 0.41). The obtained results also revealed gender and occupational specific patterns of researched relationships. Conclusions: Although the results of this study indicated the possibility of the existence of correlations between handgrip neuromuscular, morphological, and psychological characteristics in tactical athletes of both genders, nevertheless, at the moment, there is not enough solid evidence for that. That is why new research is needed. An analysis of muscle contractile and time parameters as neuromuscular indicators in the HGS task proved to be a possible promising method, which brought numerous new insights about the researched relationships. For practical application in the field, we propose including Mental Toughness and the Dark Triad traits in the selection process for future police officers and national security personnel based on the obtained results. Full article