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Keywords = CVD mosaic

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25 pages, 5505 KB  
Review
Advanced Research in the Pathophysiology of Venous Thromboembolism–Acute Pulmonary Embolism
by Anna M. Imiela, Joanna Kucharska, Franciszek Kukliński, Teresa Fernandez Moreno, Konrad Dzik and Piotr Pruszczyk
Biomedicines 2025, 13(4), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13040906 - 8 Apr 2025
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4105
Abstract
According to the literature, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)—including myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE)—are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Evidence suggests that CVDs share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Similar to the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension proposed by [...] Read more.
According to the literature, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)—including myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE)—are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Evidence suggests that CVDs share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Similar to the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension proposed by Irvine Page in 1949, the pathophysiology of VTE is multifactorial, involving multiple interacting processes. The concept of immunothrombosis, introduced by Engelmann and Massberg in 2009, describes the interplay between the immune system and thrombosis. Both thrombosis and hemostasis share core mechanisms, including platelet activation and fibrin formation. Additionally, immune mediators—such as monocytes, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), lymphocytes, selectins, and various molecular factors—play a critical role in thrombus formation. This review highlights inflammation as a key risk factor for pulmonary embolism (APE). Immunity is central to the complex interactions among the coagulation cascade, platelets, endothelium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and genetic factors. Specifically, we examine the roles of the endothelium, immune cells, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of APE and explore potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to elucidate the roles of the endothelium, immune cells, and miRNAs in the pathophysiology of APE and explore potential future perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cell Biology and Pathology)
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12 pages, 2901 KB  
Article
Surface Morphology of the Interface Junction of CVD Mosaic Single-Crystal Diamond
by Xiwei Wang, Peng Duan, Zhenzhong Cao, Changjiang Liu, Dufu Wang, Yan Peng, Xiangang Xu and Xiaobo Hu
Materials 2020, 13(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010091 - 23 Dec 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5444
Abstract
The diamond mosaic grown on the single-crystal diamond substrates by the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method has been studied. The average growth rate was about 16–17 μm/h during 48 hours’ growth. The surface morphologies of the as-grown diamond layer were observed. [...] Read more.
The diamond mosaic grown on the single-crystal diamond substrates by the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method has been studied. The average growth rate was about 16–17 μm/h during 48 hours’ growth. The surface morphologies of the as-grown diamond layer were observed. It was found that the step flow was able to move across the substrates and cover the junction interface. Raman spectroscopic mapping in the central area of the junction revealed the high stress region movement across the junction interface from one substrate to the other for about 200–400 μm. High-resolution X-ray diffractometry (HRXRD) results proved that the surface step flow movement direction had nothing to do with the off-axis directions of the original substrates. It was found that the surface height difference of substrate was the main driving force for the step flow movement, junction combination and surface morphology changing. The mechanism of the mosaic interface junction combination and step flow transformation on the mosaic surface was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials)
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