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25 pages, 2377 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Storm Surge Disaster Response Capacity in Chinese Coastal Cities Using Urban-Scale Survey Data
by Li Zhu and Shibai Cui
Water 2025, 17(15), 2245; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152245 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 396
Abstract
Currently, most studies evaluating storm surges are conducted at the provincial level, and there is a lack of detailed research focusing on cities. This paper focuses on the urban scale, using some fine-scale data of coastal areas obtained through remote sensing images. This [...] Read more.
Currently, most studies evaluating storm surges are conducted at the provincial level, and there is a lack of detailed research focusing on cities. This paper focuses on the urban scale, using some fine-scale data of coastal areas obtained through remote sensing images. This research is based on the Hazard–Exposure–Vulnerability (H-E-V) framework and PPRR (Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery) crisis management theory. It focuses on 52 Chinese coastal cities as the research subject. The evaluation system for the disaster response capabilities of Chinese coastal cities was constructed based on three aspects: the stability of the disaster-incubating environment (S), the risk of disaster-causing factors (R), and the vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies (V). The significance of this study is that the storm surge capability of China’s coastal cities can be analyzed based on the results of the evaluation, and the evaluation model can be used to identify its deficiencies. In this paper, these storm surge disaster response capabilities of coastal cities were scored using the entropy weighted TOPSIS method and the weight rank sum ratio (WRSR), and the results were also analyzed. The results indicate that Wenzhou has the best comprehensive disaster response capability, while Yancheng has the worst. Moreover, Tianjin, Ningde, and Shenzhen performed well in the three aspects of vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies, risk of disaster-causing factors, and stability of disaster-incubating environment separately. On the contrary, Dandong (tied with Qinzhou), Jiaxing, and Chaozhou performed poorly in the above three areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Marine Geology and Sedimentology)
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34 pages, 2223 KiB  
Article
A Local Pareto Front Guided Microscale Search Algorithm for Multi-Modal Multi-Objective Optimization
by Yinghan Hong, Xiaohui Zheng, Fangqing Liu, Chunyun Li, Guizhen Mai, Dan Xiang and Cai Guo
Mathematics 2025, 13(13), 2160; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13132160 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Multimodal multiobjective optimization problems, characterized by multiple solutions mapping to identical objective vectors, are ubiquitous in real-world applications. Despite their prevalence, most existing multimodal multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MMOEAs) predominantly focus on identifying global Pareto sets, often overlooking the equally significant local Pareto sets. [...] Read more.
Multimodal multiobjective optimization problems, characterized by multiple solutions mapping to identical objective vectors, are ubiquitous in real-world applications. Despite their prevalence, most existing multimodal multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MMOEAs) predominantly focus on identifying global Pareto sets, often overlooking the equally significant local Pareto sets. While some algorithms attempt to address local Pareto sets, their performance in the objective space remains suboptimal. The inherent challenge lies in the fact that a single strategy cannot effectively tackle problems with and without local Pareto fronts. This study proposes a novel approach that first detects the presence of local Pareto fronts using a neural network, thereby enabling adaptive adjustments to the algorithm’s selection strategy and search scope. Based on this detection mechanism, we design a microscale searching multimodal multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MMOEA_MS). Through extensive experiments on twenty-two benchmark problems, MMOEA_MS demonstrates superior performance in identifying local Pareto fronts and outperforms existing algorithms in the objective space. This study highlights the effectiveness of MMOEA_MS in solving multimodal multiobjective optimization problems with diverse Pareto front characteristics, thereby addressing key limitations of current methodologies. Full article
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22 pages, 3230 KiB  
Article
Study on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Diversity in Ancient Tea Plantations of China
by Jiaxin Li, Wei Huang, Xinyuan Lin, Waqar Khan, Hongbo Zhao, Binmei Sun, Shaoqun Liu and Peng Zheng
Agronomy 2025, 15(7), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15071608 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Ancient tea plantations possess extremely important economic and cultivation value. In China, ancient tea plantations with trees over 100 years old have been preserved. However, the status of soil microorganisms, soil fertility, and soil heavy metal pollution in these ancient tea plantations remains [...] Read more.
Ancient tea plantations possess extremely important economic and cultivation value. In China, ancient tea plantations with trees over 100 years old have been preserved. However, the status of soil microorganisms, soil fertility, and soil heavy metal pollution in these ancient tea plantations remains unclear. This study took four Dancong ancient tea plantations in Fenghuang, Chaozhou City, and Guangdong Province as the research objects. Soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0–20 cm) and subsurface layer (20–40 cm) of the ancient tea trees. The rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and soil nutrients were determined. On this basis, the soil fertility was evaluated by referring to the soil environmental quality standards so as to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the soil in the Dancong ancient tea plantations. This study found that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of the Dancong ancient tree tea plantation. Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota are the dominant fungal phyla. Subgroup_2, AD3, Acidothermus, and Acidibacter were the dominant bacterial genera. Saitozyma, Mortierella, and Fusarium are the dominant fungal genera. The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that at the bacterial phylum level, Verrucomicrobia showed positive correlations with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), and total nitrogen (TN); Proteobacteria exhibited a positive correlation with available phosphorus (AP); and Gemmatimonadetes was positively correlated with total potassium (TK). At the fungal phylum level, Ascomycota demonstrated a positive correlation with TK. TN, AN, and TK were identified as key physicochemical indicators influencing soil bacterial diversity, while TN, AN, AP, and AK were the key physicochemical indicators affecting soil fungal diversity. This study revealed that the soil of Dancong ancient tea plantations has reached Level I fertility in terms of TN, TP, SOM, and AP. TK and AN show Level I or near-Level I fertility, but AK only meets Level III fertility for tea planting, serving as the main limiting factor for soil fertility quality. Considering the relatively abundant TK content in the tea plantations, potassium-solubilizing bacteria should be prioritized over blind potassium fertilizer application. Meanwhile, it is particularly noteworthy that AN and SOM are at extremely high levels. Sustained excess of AN and SOM may lead to over-proliferation of dominant microorganisms, inhibition of other functional microbial communities, and disruption of ecological balance. Therefore, optimizing nutrient input methods during fertilization is recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Soil and Plant Nutrition)
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14 pages, 694 KiB  
Article
Cognitive Decline in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors with Post-Radiation Epilepsy: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Kejia Liu, Yaxuan Pi, Yingying Zhu, Dong Pan, Zongwei Yue, Yanting Chen, Lianhong Yang, Yituan Xie, Yuhua Huang, Yamei Tang, Yongteng Xu and Xiaoming Rong
Cancers 2025, 17(12), 1976; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17121976 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 448
Abstract
Purpose: Cognitive decline is a major concern for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors after radiotherapy (RT). We assessed whether the rates of cognitive decline in NPC survivors differed depending on the presence of epilepsy. Methods: Based on an ongoing prospective cohort study (NCT03908502), we [...] Read more.
Purpose: Cognitive decline is a major concern for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors after radiotherapy (RT). We assessed whether the rates of cognitive decline in NPC survivors differed depending on the presence of epilepsy. Methods: Based on an ongoing prospective cohort study (NCT03908502), we included consecutive NPC patients with a history of radiotherapy who underwent a baseline and follow-up cognition assessment between January 2005 and December 2023. Patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy before radiotherapy, had intracranial brain metastasis during follow-up, lacked baseline major clinical data, or lacked follow-up cognitive assessment of longer than six months were excluded. The outcome was cognitive function assessed by the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with assessments being performed every 6 months through face-to-face interviews. Linear mixed-effect models were used to analyze the progression rate of MoCA scores by epilepsy status (incident, prevalent, or no epilepsy). Results: A total of 521 patients with a median follow-up period of 3.96 years were included in our study. The rate of decline in MoCA was significantly faster in patients with prevalent epilepsy compared with no epilepsy after adjusting for demographics, health behaviors, tumor-related history, complications, anti-seizure medication, and inflammatory blood index (estimate: −1.407; 95%CI: −2.419, −0.412; p = 0.007). However, the cognitive decline rate was similar in the incident epilepsy group compared with that in the non-epilepsy group (p = 0.126). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the effect of epilepsy status on cognitive deterioration among subgroups stratified by the pre-planned covariates. Conclusions: Global cognitive function declined more rapidly in NPC patients with prevalent epilepsy. The control of seizure attacks may be valuable to mitigate cognitive decline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Survivorship and Quality of Life)
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21 pages, 3823 KiB  
Article
Adsorption of Sr2+ from Synthetic Waste Effluents Using Taiwan Zhi-Shin Bentonite
by Yihui Lin, Yuhan Li, Yating Yang and Po-Hsiang Chang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5298; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115298 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 505
Abstract
This study investigated strontium (Sr2+) adsorption by Taiwan Zhi-Shin bentonite (cation exchange capacity (CEC): 80–86 meq 100 g−1) using Sr(NO3)2-simulated nuclear waste. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, achieving 95% Sr2+ removal within 5 [...] Read more.
This study investigated strontium (Sr2+) adsorption by Taiwan Zhi-Shin bentonite (cation exchange capacity (CEC): 80–86 meq 100 g−1) using Sr(NO3)2-simulated nuclear waste. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, achieving 95% Sr2+ removal within 5 min at pH 9. Isothermal studies showed a maximum capacity of 0.28 mmol g−1 (56 meq 100 g−1) at 15 mmol L−1 Sr2+, accounting for 65–70% CEC and fitting the Freundlich model. Cation exchange was the dominant mechanism (84% contribution), driven by Sr2+ displacing interlayer Ca2+. Alkaline conditions (pH > 9) enhanced adsorption through improved surface charge and electrostatic attraction. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated temperature-dependent behavior: increasing temperature reduced adsorption at 0.01 mM Sr2+ but increased efficiency at 10 mM. Na+ addition suppressed adsorption, aligning with cation exchange mechanisms. Molecular dynamics simulations identified hydrated Ca2+-Sr2+ water bridges interacting with bentonite via hydrogen-bonding networks. The material exhibits rapid kinetics (5 min equilibrium), alkaline pH optimization, and resistance to ion interference, making it suitable for emergency Sr2+ treatment. It shows promise as a cost-effective and good performing adsorbent for radioactive waste solutions. Full article
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16 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
Effects of Altitude on Tea Composition: Dual Regulation by Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Communities
by Xirong Ren, Minyao Lin, Jiani Liu, Waqar Khan, Hongbo Zhao, Binmei Sun, Shaoqun Liu and Peng Zheng
Plants 2025, 14(11), 1642; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111642 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 634
Abstract
Soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities are the key factors affecting the content of tea. The mechanism by which altitude changes soil’s chemical properties and microbial community structure to affect tea content is unclear. This study was conducted on a typical tea [...] Read more.
Soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities are the key factors affecting the content of tea. The mechanism by which altitude changes soil’s chemical properties and microbial community structure to affect tea content is unclear. This study was conducted on a typical tea plantation in the Fenghuang Mountains of Chaozhou, China. It systematically revealed the relationship between soil chemical properties and microbial communities with tea quality components between different altitudes (396 m/517 m/623 m). We discovered that soil pH and soil Catalase activity appeared to decrease and then increase with altitude, and soil SOM content and soil Acid Phosphatase activity were significantly higher at mid-altitude. Soil TP and TK content were lowest at high altitudes (0.20 mg/kg, 5.98 mg/kg). Non-significant differences were found in the spatial composition of microbial communities at different altitudes. The abundance of fungi (Sobol index) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at low altitudes than in other altitude groups. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH and TP are drivers of changes in bacterial community structure. The abundance of Fibrobacteres, a key functional group of bacteria, showed a decreasing trend with increasing altitude, and Stachybotrys (fungi) likewise had the lowest abundance at high altitude (p < 0.05). The catechin, theanine, and caffeine content of tea leaves accumulated the least at high altitude (12.91%, 0.39%, 2.88%). Fibrobacteres and Stachybotrys, as well as soil TK and TP content, were strongly associated with the accumulation of major contents in tea leaves. Meanwhile, fungal abundance was significantly and positively correlated with theanine (p < 0.05). This study enhances our understanding of soil chemical property–soil microbial community–tea tree interactions. By exploring the differences in soil key nutrient content and the abundance of functional flora driving tea quality at different altitudes, it provides a basis for the precise microecological management of tea gardens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant–Soil Interactions)
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22 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Study of Educational Information Resource Download Quality with Optimal Symmetrical Interval Solution of Fuzzy Relation Inequality in the Format of a System of Differential Equations
by Lei Zhang
Mathematics 2025, 13(10), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13101602 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
The min–max fuzzy relation inequalities are currently considered for representing the place-to-place (P2P) education knowledge, including resource sharing from one terminal to another. One terminal is the acceptor—receiving information—while the other terminal is the sink resource for educational information sharing, acting like an [...] Read more.
The min–max fuzzy relation inequalities are currently considered for representing the place-to-place (P2P) education knowledge, including resource sharing from one terminal to another. One terminal is the acceptor—receiving information—while the other terminal is the sink resource for educational information sharing, acting like an extractor. In the current manuscript, the idea of sharing educational information is established in the form of a dynamical system in which the unknown quantities represent the quality of downloading educational resources on different terminals. The download quality, measured in bits per second (bps), has been converted to a fuzzy format as it oscillates from low to high. Every solution of the min–max dynamical model is surely an optimal interval approach in the corresponding terminal-to-terminal network sharing system. Such a solution implies the stability of the interval solution with fluctuations from the minimum (low) to maximum (high) values of the interval. Furthermore, like the objective function in the linear programming and stability of the system, we study the system with the maximum fluctuation for a given solution in the form of download quality educational informative resources. Further, the solution will be treated in optimal relative local regions (MRO) and global regions (MAO). Bi-approaches are constructed to solve these maximal symmetrical interval fuzzy solutions for our analysis. The illustrations show that the bi-approaches are valid and effective for the studied model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Systems)
19 pages, 725 KiB  
Article
Robust Stability of Switched Interconnected Systems with Switching Uncertainties
by Huanbin Xue and Xiaopeng Yang
Mathematics 2025, 13(10), 1554; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13101554 - 8 May 2025
Viewed by 337
Abstract
This paper investigates the problem of robust stability for a class of switched interconnected systems characterized by unstable modes, time-varying state delays, and switching uncertainties. Switching uncertainties cause variations in both the nominal switching sequence and the prescribed switching instants, which significantly impact [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the problem of robust stability for a class of switched interconnected systems characterized by unstable modes, time-varying state delays, and switching uncertainties. Switching uncertainties cause variations in both the nominal switching sequence and the prescribed switching instants, which significantly impact system stability. To address this, two novel concepts—namely, the generalized nominal switching signal and the composite switching signal—are introduced under switching uncertainty disturbances. Additionally, a new index, termed the generalized mode changing rate, is proposed. Building on these concepts and index, the idea of the vector Lyapunov function and average dwell time method are further incorporated to derive sufficient conditions for ensuring the robust exponential stability of the system. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed theory. Full article
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24 pages, 6999 KiB  
Article
Energy-Efficient and Comprehensive Garbage Bin Overflow Detection Model Based on Spiking Neural Networks
by Liwen Yang, Xionghui Zha, Jin Huang, Zhengming Liu, Jiaqi Chen and Chaozhou Mou
Smart Cities 2025, 8(2), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8020071 - 20 Apr 2025
Viewed by 981
Abstract
With urbanization and population growth, waste management has become a pressing issue. Intelligent detection systems using deep learning algorithms to monitor garbage bin overflow in real time have emerged as a key solution. However, these systems often face challenges such as lack of [...] Read more.
With urbanization and population growth, waste management has become a pressing issue. Intelligent detection systems using deep learning algorithms to monitor garbage bin overflow in real time have emerged as a key solution. However, these systems often face challenges such as lack of dataset diversity and high energy consumption due to the extensive use of IoT devices. To address these challenges, we developed the Garbage Bin Status (GBS) dataset, which includes 16,771 images. Among them, 8408 images were generated using the Stable Diffusion model, depicting garbage bins under diverse weather and lighting scenarios. This enriched dataset enhances the generalization of garbage bin overflow detection models across various environmental conditions. We also created an energy-efficient model called HERD-YOLO based on Spiking Neural Networks. HERD-YOLO reduces energy consumption by 89.2% compared to artificial neural networks and outperforms the state-of-the-art EMS-YOLO in both energy efficiency and detection performance. This makes HERD-YOLO a promising solution for sustainable and efficient urban waste management, contributing to a better urban environment. Full article
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16 pages, 881 KiB  
Article
Physiological–Biochemical Signatures and Genetic Diversity of Portunus pelagicus Cohorts in Guangdong Coastal Aquaculture
by Yundong Li, Siyao Cao, Ziyi Jiang, Song Jiang, Qibin Yang, Lishi Yang, Jianhua Huang, Jianzhi Shi, Yangyang Ding, Zhenhua Ma and Falin Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(4), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040747 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 560
Abstract
This study comprehensively evaluates the phenotypic traits, nutritional profiles, and genetic diversity of three cultured populations of Portunus pelagicus from Guangdong Province, China, namely from Shenzhen (PpSZ), Zhuhai (PpZH), and Chaozhou (PpCZ). We analyzed key nutritional components, including moisture, ash, crude fat, crude [...] Read more.
This study comprehensively evaluates the phenotypic traits, nutritional profiles, and genetic diversity of three cultured populations of Portunus pelagicus from Guangdong Province, China, namely from Shenzhen (PpSZ), Zhuhai (PpZH), and Chaozhou (PpCZ). We analyzed key nutritional components, including moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, total sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids. Notably, significant differences in total sugar content (p < 0.05) were observed among populations, whereas no substantial variation was detected in the other nutritional parameters. PpSZ exhibited significantly higher levels of specific amino acids, especially essential amino acids (p < 0.05). Fatty acid composition revealed a more favorable nutritional profile in PpZH. Analysis of physiological markers such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities demonstrated comparable levels across populations, with no significant differences. Genetic diversity assessment revealed SNP densities of 6.583, 6.16, and 6.08 SNPs/Kb for PpSZ, PpZH, and PpCZ, respectively. The low polymorphism (PIC < 0.25) indicates limited genetic variation within the species. This study provides valuable insights into the biochemical, nutritional, and genetic characteristics of these populations, offering critical implications for the optimization of aquaculture practices and the conservation of genetic resources for this economically significant species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Marine Aquaculture)
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25 pages, 10984 KiB  
Article
Machine-Learning-Based Monitoring of Night Sky Brightness Using Sky Quality Meters and Multi-Source Remote Sensing
by Siyue Zheng, Yanrong Chen, Anwar Eziz, Alishir Kurban, Tim Van de Voorde and Philippe De Maeyer
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(8), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081332 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1043
Abstract
With the rapid pace of urbanization, light pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue. Evaluating and managing light pollution effectively is challenging, as traditional monitoring methods often fail to capture its spatial distribution and driving factors comprehensively. To address this limitation, this [...] Read more.
With the rapid pace of urbanization, light pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue. Evaluating and managing light pollution effectively is challenging, as traditional monitoring methods often fail to capture its spatial distribution and driving factors comprehensively. To address this limitation, this study integrates Sky Quality Meter (SQM) observational data from three diverse locations—Chaozhou (China), Urumqi (China), and Ghent (Belgium)—with multi-source remote sensing data to construct predictive models of night sky brightness (NSB) using machine learning approaches. Among the tested models, the voting ensemble model demonstrated superior performance, achieving high predictive accuracy and robust generalization across diverse regional datasets. The generated local-scale NSB distribution maps reveal substantial regional variations in light pollution, highlighting the critical influence of local environmental and anthropogenic factors. By combining remote sensing and machine learning, this study offers a scalable and efficient method for evaluating and monitoring light pollution levels at regional scales. The findings underscore the value of these methods in providing actionable insights for light pollution mitigation and management strategies, supporting efforts to reduce its adverse impacts on the environment and society. Full article
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17 pages, 5858 KiB  
Article
Crop Cultivation Reshapes Soil Microbiomes to Drive Heavy Metal Mobilization in Restored Mining Areas
by Xiaolong Lan, Xinyin Liao, Jiaxin Xiao, Yanlong Jia, Wenjie Lin, Zhongwen Huang, Zengping Ning, Tangfu Xiao and Enzong Xiao
Agriculture 2025, 15(8), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15080804 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 464
Abstract
Mining activities cause substantial heavy metal release. Ecosystem restoration is considered one of the most effective ways to prevent heavy metal mobilization in mining areas. Previous studies have suggested that microorganisms play crucial roles in heavy metal transport in heavy metal-contaminated farmland soils. [...] Read more.
Mining activities cause substantial heavy metal release. Ecosystem restoration is considered one of the most effective ways to prevent heavy metal mobilization in mining areas. Previous studies have suggested that microorganisms play crucial roles in heavy metal transport in heavy metal-contaminated farmland soils. However, the interactions between the geochemical fractions of heavy metals and microbial communities under crop cultivation in restored mining areas are still unclear. In this study, we systematically collected farmland soil (FS) and grassland soil (GS) from a restored mining area to reveal the effects of crop cultivation on the composition of soil microbiomes and their potential roles in heavy metal mobilization. The results revealed that the exchangeable fractions of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and As) in FS (11%, 11%, and 1.3% on average, respectively) were significantly greater than those in GS (30%, 19%, and 3.2% on average, respectively), indicating that agricultural activities promoted heavy metal mobilization in restored mining areas. In addition, we determined that microbial attributes, including microbial diversity, composition, and community structure, were significantly different in FS and GS. Furthermore, our results revealed that such differences were driven mainly by heavy metals and their exchangeable fractions in soils. Notably, the dominant genera enriched in FS were extensively involved in heavy metal mobilization, which is consistent with the fact that heavy metal metabolism-related genes were enriched in FS. Taken together, our findings suggest that soil microorganisms play an important role in heavy metal mobilization under crop cultivation in restored mining areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Metal Pollution and Remediation in Agricultural Soils)
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22 pages, 8426 KiB  
Article
Multi-Scenario Forecasting of Land Use and Ecosystem Service Values in Coastal Regions: A Case Study of the Chaoshan Area, China
by Zili Xiong, Song Yao, Hongmei Liu and Liang Yu
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14(4), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14040160 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 742
Abstract
Modeling changes in ecosystem service value (ESV) resulting from land use/cover change (LUCC) in coastal regions play a crucial role in promoting regional sustainability and guiding policymaking. This study focuses on the Chaoshan region of China and analyzes the impact of land use [...] Read more.
Modeling changes in ecosystem service value (ESV) resulting from land use/cover change (LUCC) in coastal regions play a crucial role in promoting regional sustainability and guiding policymaking. This study focuses on the Chaoshan region of China and analyzes the impact of land use changes in 2000, 2010, and 2020 on ESV. The Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model was used to simulate LUCC for 2030 under three different scenarios: natural development (ND), urban development (UD), and ecological protection (EP). The spatial distribution and aggregation degree of ESV were assessed to explore the intrinsic relationship between land use and ecosystem service value in the Chaoshan region. The results showed the following: (1) The cropland area in the Chaoshan region has significantly decreased, with the per capita cropland area dropping to 113.34 m2 (0.028 acres) by 2020. The continuous expansion of construction land has been mainly concentrated in Shantou, Jieyang, and Chaozhou, with an increasingly evident trend of urban integration among these three cities. By 2030, the growth rate of construction land in the EP scenario is expected to decline, indicating a slowdown in urban expansion. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, Shantou was the only city in the region to experience a decline in total ESV. Low ESV values in the Chaoshan region are primarily concentrated in the southeastern area. As urban integration progresses, ESV values in this region are expected to continue to decline. (3) The ongoing trend of urban integration between Shantou, Chaozhou, and Jieyang may result in the region becoming an ecologically vulnerable area. Close monitoring of potential ecological risks in this area is crucial to ensure a balance between urban development and ecological protection. This study will provide important guidance for land use policies and sustainable development in the Chaoshan region, as well as in similar coastal cities globally. Full article
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20 pages, 618 KiB  
Article
Feedforward Factorial Hidden Markov Model
by Zhongxing Peng, Wei Huang and Yinghui Zhu
Mathematics 2025, 13(7), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13071201 - 5 Apr 2025
Viewed by 431
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel kind of factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM), specifically the feedforward FHMM (FFHMM). In contrast to traditional FHMMs, the FFHMM is capable of directly utilizing supplementary information from observations through predefined states, which are derived using an automatic feature [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a novel kind of factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM), specifically the feedforward FHMM (FFHMM). In contrast to traditional FHMMs, the FFHMM is capable of directly utilizing supplementary information from observations through predefined states, which are derived using an automatic feature filter (AFF). We investigate two variations of FFHMM models that integrate predefined states with the FHMM: the direct FFHMM and the embedded FFHMM. In the direct FFHMM, alterations to one sub-hidden Markov model (HMM) do not affect the others, enabling individual improvements in HMM estimation. On the other hand, the sub-HMM chains within the embedded FFHMM are interconnected, suggesting that adjustments to one HMM chain may enhance the estimations of other HMM chains. Consequently, we propose two algorithms for these FFHMM models to estimate their respective hidden states. Ultimately, experiments conducted on two real-world datasets validate the efficacy of the proposed models and algorithms. Full article
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14 pages, 7673 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Luminescence and Thermal Stability in High Gd3+/Eu3+ Co-Doped Ba3Y4O9 Phosphors via Co-Precipitation Method
by Dong Zhu, Chunfeng Wang, Xiaohuai Wang, Shun Han, Yuxiang Zeng, Ming Fang, Wenjun Liu, Deliang Zhu, Peijiang Cao and Youming Lu
Molecules 2025, 30(5), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30051085 - 27 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 692
Abstract
The co-precipitation method was successfully used to synthesize Ba3(Y0.6−xGd0.4Eux)4O9 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) phosphors with heavy Gd3+ doping, resulting in significantly enhanced thermal stability and luminescence performance. Structural analyses confirm [...] Read more.
The co-precipitation method was successfully used to synthesize Ba3(Y0.6−xGd0.4Eux)4O9 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) phosphors with heavy Gd3+ doping, resulting in significantly enhanced thermal stability and luminescence performance. Structural analyses confirm that Gd3+ and Eu3+ ions substitute Y3+ in the lattice, causing lattice expansion and improving crystal asymmetry, which enhances Eu3+ emission. The incorporation of Gd3+ creates efficient energy transfer pathways to Eu3+ while suppressing non-radiative relaxation, leading to stable fluorescence lifetimes even at elevated temperatures. With a thermal activation energy of ~0.3051 eV, the Ba3(Y0.55Gd0.4Eu0.05)4O9 phosphor exhibits superior resistance to thermal quenching compared to Ba3(Y0.95Eu0.05)4O9 and many conventional red phosphors. Furthermore, the reduced color temperature and stable emission spectra across a wide temperature range highlight its potential for advanced lighting and display technologies in high-temperature environments. Full article
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