Search Results (503)

Six aromatic plants (Lavandula pedunculata subsp. sampaioana, Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri, Mentha × piperita, Origanum vulgare subsp. virens, Thymus mastichina, and Thymus zygis subsp. sylvestris) were analyzed to evaluate their essential oil (EO) yield, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antifungal capacity against two mold species, green mold (Penicillium digitatum) and blue mold (Penicillium italicum). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS and DPPH methods, and the antifungal activity was determined using the disk diffusion method. The results of the antioxidant activity tests showed that the essential oil of Th. zygis subsp. sylvestris has the highest value for the ABTS method (161.70 ± 0.15 mM TROLOX eq. and 864.20 ± 0.81 g TROLOX eq/g EO) and the L. stoechas subsp. luisieri essential oil in the DPPH method (33.91 ± 1.21 mM TROLOX eq. and 184.99 ± 6.58 g TROLOX eq/g EO). Furthermore, the essential oils with lower antioxidant activity were L. pedunculata subsp. sampaioana for the ABTS method (3.84 ± 0.26 mM TROLOX eq. and 20.79 ± 1.41 g TROLOX eq/g EO) and Th. mastichina for DPPH method (0.96 ± 0.03 mM TROLOX eq. and 5.31 ± 0.16 g TROLOX eq/g EO). Th. zygis subsp. sylvestris exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, with medium inhibition halo values of 60.50 ± 5.77 mm and 54.33 ± 2.93 mm for P. digitatum and P. italicum, respectively. Full article

This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of phenolic-rich extracts from selected medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families against the furin protease enzyme, a key target in viral and oncogenic pathways. Extracts of Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Salvia officinalis, and Silybum marianum were prepared using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Phenolic compounds were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Furin inhibition was assessed spectrophotometrically and analyzed statistically with multivariate approaches. The chloroform extract of Origanum vulgare exhibited 97.44 ± 0.12% inhibition, while the ethyl acetate extract of Mentha spicata showed 97.44 ± 0.08% inhibition. Epicatechin and rutin displayed significant synergistic effects, while naringenin negatively affected inhibition (p < 0.05). Solvent polarity significantly influenced phenolic diversity and biological activity, with ternary combinations showing 33% higher inhibition than single compounds. These findings highlight phenolic blends as promising natural furin inhibitors, with chloroform being optimal for broad-spectrum extraction. Full article

This study investigated the potential of Thymus serpyllum L. and Mentha × piperita L. essential oils (EOs), known for their bioactive properties, as adjunctive treatments targeting Basal cell carcinoma cancer stem cells (BCC CSCs). Primary cultures were established from ten BCC tumor samples and their distant resection margins as controls. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The biological effects were evaluated via colony and spheroid formation, scratch assays, MTT and neutral red cytotoxicity assays, and qRT-PCR for Hh (SHH, PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1) and Notch (Notch1 and JAG1) gene expression. GC analysis identified thymol, p-cymene, and linalool as the main components of the EO of T. serpyllum L., and menthone and menthol in the EO of M. × piperita L. IC50 values were 262 µg/mL for T. serpyllum L. and 556 µg/mL for M. × piperita L. and were applied in all experiments. Both EOs significantly reduced CSC clonogenicity and migration (p < 0.05). The EO of T. serpyllum L. downregulated SMO and GLI1, while the EO of M. × piperita L. upregulated PTCH1, Notch1, and JAG1 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that both EOs exhibit anticancer effects in BCC CSCs by modulating key oncogenic pathways, supporting their potential in BCC therapy. Full article

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and a growth chamber, in a randomized block design, with three replicates. The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with varying wavelengths, combined with adequate nutrition, positively influence yield and the content of essential macronutrients and micronutrients in mint plants, which play a key role in the processes of growth and development. The average total yield of mint ranged from 23.1 g plant⁻¹ to 48.1 g plant⁻¹, while marketable yield ranged from 22.5 g plant⁻¹ to 47.6 g plant⁻¹. Exposure to violet LED light led to the highest increase in yield. The content of all analyzed macronutrients increased in plants of the evaluated mint species exposed to LED light. On average, the content of N, P, K in the aerial parts of mint plants increased significantly by around 25%, 56%, and 42%, respectively, under exposure to violet LED light, and by around 19%, 44%, and 37%, respectively, under exposure to yellow LED light. The values of K:Ca, K:Mg, and K:(Ca + Mg) ratios were higher in plants grown under LED light than in plants exposed to sodium light, whereas the opposite was noted for the Ca:P ratio. Exposure to violet or yellow LED light did not induce significant changes in Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe uptake by mint plants. The micronutrient content of plants was largely determined by mint species. Mentha piperita plants had the highest Zn content, and Mentha suaveolens plants had the highest concentrations of Mn, Cu, and Fe. Full article

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the limited availability of antiviral therapeutics for pathogens such as human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) underscore the need for novel, plant-derived antimicrobial substances. In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral activities of aqueous leaf extracts from two plants commonly found in North America, Osage orange (M. pomifera) and spearmint (M. spicata). Both extracts exhibited no significant cytotoxic or morphologic impact on HEp-2 human cancer cells up to 25 mg/mL. However, both extracts demonstrated strong dose-dependent antibacterial activity, significantly inhibiting replication of E. coli and S. aureus at concentrations ≥ 1 mg/mL. Antiviral assays revealed that both extracts inhibited hRSV infectivity, with spearmint extract showing higher potency (EC₅₀ = 1.01 mg/mL) compared to Osage orange (EC₅₀ = 3.85 mg/mL). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified three major extract constituents: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (Osage orange), and R-(-)-carvone (spearmint). Among these, only carvone significantly inhibited hRSV in vitro, suggesting its key role in spearmint’s antiviral activity. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Osage orange and spearmint leaf extracts, particularly as sources of water-soluble compounds with antimicrobial properties, and support further investigation into their mechanisms of action and broader clinical relevance. Full article

This study, conducted in Southern Italy in 2023, investigated the effects of a dynamic agrivoltaics (AV) system on microclimate, water consumption, plant growth, and essential oil yield in six medicinal species: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L. ‘Royal purple’), lemmon thyme (Thymus citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. ar. ‘Aureus’), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. ‘Severn seas’), mint (Mentha spicata L. ‘Moroccan’), and sage (Salvia officinalis L. subsp. Officinalis). Due to the rotating solar panels, two distinct ground zones were identified: a consistently shaded area under the panels (UP), and a partially shaded area between the panels (BP). These were compared to an adjacent full-sun control area (T). Microclimate parameters, including solar radiation, air and leaf infrared temperature, and soil temperature, were recorded throughout the cultivation season. Reference evapotranspiration (ET_O) was calculated using Turc’s method, and crop evapotranspiration (ET_C) was estimated with species-specific crop coefficients (K_C). Results showed significantly lower microclimatic values in the UP plot compared to both BP and especially T, resulting in ET_C reductions of 81.1% in UP and 13.1% in BP relative to T, an advantage in water-scarce environments. Growth and yield responses varied among species and treatment plots. Except for mint, all species showed a significant reduction in fresh biomass (40.1% to 48.8%) under the high shading of UP compared to T. However, no biomass reductions were observed in BP. Notably, essential oil yields were higher in both UP and BP plots (0.60–2.63%) compared to the T plot (0.51–1.90%). These findings demonstrate that dynamic AV systems can enhance water use efficiency and essential oil yield, offering promising opportunities for sustainable, high-quality medicinal crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Full article

This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the content of carnosic acid (CA), 12-O-methyl-carnosic acid (12MCA), carnosol (CS), rosmanol (RO) and 7-O-methyl-epi-rosmanol (7MER) in 61 Lamiaceae plants growing in Greece, using ¹H-qNMR spectroscopy as a simple, rapid and direct method without sample deterioration. For this purpose, methanol extracts from 18 genera (e.g., Salvia, Mentha, Melissa, Ocimum) were analyzed using isolated and fully characterized metabolites, previously identified by our group, as standards. At least one of the target compounds was detected in 22 species, predominantly belonging to the genus Salvia. Notably, 7MER and RO were not detected in any extract. CA, CS and 12MCA were exclusively found in Salvia species, with S. somalensis, S. officinalis and S. fruticosa emerging as the richest sources of these diterpenes. Among them, S. somalensis showed the highest concentration of CA (>30 mg/g), while 12MCA was most abundant in S. microphylla. These results highlight Salvia as the most promising genus for the accumulation of bioactive abietane-type diterpenes. The implementation of ¹H-qNMR for such chemical profiling provides a reliable approach toward the phytochemical standardization of plant extracts, supporting their further use in nutraceutical or pharmaceutical formulations. Full article

Herbs are valued for their antioxidant richness and traditional use in cuisine and medicine. This study analysed wild herbs (e.g., Achillea, Lamium) and cultivated spices (Salvia, Artemisia) for their bioactive compounds. It was found that antioxidant profiles varied notably among species, even within the same family. Helichrysum italicum and Salvia officinalis had the highest polyphenol levels, while Achillea millefolium and Ocimum basilicum had the lowest. Total polyphenols did not always correlate with antioxidant activity. For instance, Petroselinum hortense and Salvia rosmarinus showed high antioxidant activity despite low polyphenol levels, whereas Levisticum officinale and Artemisia dracunculus combined both. Mentha spicata, M. x citrata, Origanum vulgare, and S. officinalis were rich in carotenoids, while H. italicum showed high α-carotene but low levels of other carotenoids. Most Lamiaceae accumulated a high amount of chlorophylls and polyphenols. Cultivated herbs like M. spicata, M. x citrata, and S. officinalis exhibited stronger and more diverse properties than wild species. It can be concluded that taxonomy alone does not predict antioxidant potential. The differences observed may be attributed to species-specific metabolic pathways, ecological adaptations, or environmental factors influencing phytochemical expression. These findings highlight the importance of conducting species-level screenings in the search for plant-derived antioxidants with potential therapeutic applications. Full article

Improving the quality of compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants is crucial due to their uses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food sectors. One way of influencing plant composition is through exposure to different light conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study (2023–2024) was conducted to investigate the impact of coloured shading nets on the physiology, essential oil (EO) content, and composition of three Mentha genotypes: Mentha × piperita ‘Multimentha’, Mentha × piperita ‘Fränkische Blaue’, and Mentha rotundifolia ‘Apfelminze’. In addition to an unshaded control, the Mentha plants were grown under red and blue shading nets. Plant height and vegetation indices were collected weekly. Biomass accumulation, EO content, and composition were determined for each harvest. Both red and blue shading were found to influence the physiological responses and EO compositions of the plants, with red shading promoting slightly higher p-menthone levels in ‘Fränkische Blaue’ and ‘Multimentha’, while blue shading slightly increased carvone levels in ‘Apfelminze’. While EO content varied across harvest seasons (spring, summer, and autumn), ‘Fränkische Blaue’ responded to red shading, demonstrating an increased EO content. The findings suggest that targeted use of coloured shading nets can modulate EO quality. However, genotype-specific responses highlight the necessity of further research to define shading applications for different species and genotypes. Full article

In this study, gravlax, a niche Scandinavian delicacy, was comprehensively investigated by producing it with combinations of two different fish species (tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna Linnaeus, 1758) and garfish (Belone belone Linnaeus, 1761)) and five herbs (dill (Anethum graveolens Linnaeus, 1753), sage (Salvia officinalis Linnaeus, 1753), mint (Mentha piperita Linnaeus, 1753), sweet (Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus, 1754), and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens Bentham, 1830)). The nutritional composition, amino acids, color parameters, mineral substances, and heavy metal content, as well as physical characteristics, texture profile analysis, and extensive sensory analyses, were conducted, and the results were thoroughly evaluated using multivariate statistical methods. The influence of using different herbs on nutritional composition was found to be significant in gravlax made from both fish species (p < 0.05). Sensory analyses revealed that panelists identified mint as enhancing aroma and umami sensations, while dill improved overall acceptance. Gravlax with sage exhibited softer textures, but lower general acceptance due to perceived high saltiness. Color analyses revealed that purple basil transferred distinct pigments, causing darkening, whereas sweet basil had a brightening effect. Amino acid analyses revealed higher umami and sweet-tasting amino acids in herb-free gravlax, whereas proteolytic activity appeared to slow down in herb-containing gravlax samples. Full article

Background: Herbal medicine represents a rich yet complex source of bioactive compounds, offering both therapeutic potential and toxicological risks. Methods: In this study, we systematically evaluated the biological effects of three traditional herbal extracts—Mentha longifolia, Scrophularia orientalis, and Echium biebersteinii—using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. Results: All three extracts significantly reduced worm survival, induced larval arrest, and triggered a high incidence of males (HIM) phenotypes, indicative of mitotic failure and meiotic chromosome missegregation. Detailed analysis of germline architecture revealed extract-specific abnormalities, including nuclear disorganization, ectopic crescent-shaped nuclei, altered meiotic progression, and reduced bivalent formation. These defects were accompanied by activation of the DNA damage response, as evidenced by upregulation of checkpoint genes (atm-1, atl-1), increased pCHK-1 foci, and elevated germline apoptosis. LC-MS profiling identified 21 major compounds across the extracts, with four compounds—thymol, carvyl acetate, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, and menthyl acetate—shared by all three herbs. Among them, thymol and carvyl acetate significantly upregulated DNA damage checkpoint genes and promoted apoptosis, whereas thymol and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside contributed to antioxidant activity. Notably, S. orientalis and E. biebersteinii shared 11 of 14 major constituents (79%), correlating with their similar phenotypic outcomes, while M. longifolia exhibited a more distinct chemical profile, possessing seven unique compounds. Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex biological effects of traditional herbal extracts, demonstrating that both beneficial and harmful outcomes can arise from specific phytochemicals within a mixture. By deconstructing these extracts into their active components, such as thymol, carvyl acetate, and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, we gain critical insight into the mechanisms driving reproductive toxicity and antioxidant activity. This approach underscores the importance of component-level analysis for accurately assessing the therapeutic value and safety profile of medicinal plants, particularly those used in foods and dietary supplements. Full article

Crop growth monitoring at various growth stages is essential for optimizing agricultural inputs and enhancing crop yield. Nitrogen plays a critical role in plant development; however, its improper application can reduce productivity and, in the long term, degrade soil health. The aim of this study was to develop a non-invasive approach for nitrogen estimation through proxies (Nitrogen Flavanol Index) in Mentha arvensis using UAV-derived multispectral vegetation indices and machine learning models. Support Vector Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting were used to predict the Nitrogen Flavanol Index (NFI) across different growth stages. Among the tested models, Random Forest achieved the highest predictive accuracy (R² = 0.86, RMSE = 0.32) at 75 days after planting (DAP), followed by Gradient Boosting (R² = 0.75, RMSE = 0.43). Model performance was lowest during early growth stages (15–30 DAP) but improved markedly from mid to late growth stages (45–90 DAP). The findings highlight the significance of UAV-acquired data coupled with machine learning approaches for non-destructive nitrogen flavanol estimation, which can immensely contribute to improving real-time crop growth monitoring. Full article

In recent years, cosmetic science has adopted a more integrative approach to skincare, in which sensory experience and psychophysical well-being are increasingly valued. In this context, plant-derived ingredients, particularly those from officinal species, are gaining attention for their multifunctional bioactivities. This review explores a curated selection of medicinal plants widely used or emerging in dermocosmetics, highlighting their phytochemical composition, mechanisms of action, and experimental support. A narrative literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, targeting studies on topical cosmetic applications. Results show that many officinal plants, including Camellia sinensis, Panax ginseng, and Mentha piperita, offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, photoprotective, and anti-aging benefits. Less conventional species, such as Drosera ramentacea and Kigelia africana, demonstrated depigmenting and wound-healing potential. In particular, bioactive constituents like flavonoids, iridoids, saponins, and polyphenols act on key skin targets such as COX-2, MMPs, tyrosinase, and the Nrf2 pathway. These findings underscore the potential of botanical extracts to serve as effective, natural, and multifunctional agents in modern skincare. While only Mentha piperita is currently recognized as a traditional herbal medicinal product for dermatological use, this research supports the broader dermocosmetic integration of these species. Full article

This study explores the antioxidant activity of green tea (Camellia sinensis, GT) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita, PM) infusions, individually and in combination, focusing on how preparation methods affect their efficacy. Antiradical and intracellular antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and DCF assays, alongside interaction analysis via combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI). HPLC analysis determined the polyphenolic profiles of GT and PM. GT showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC₅₀ values (4.81 µg/mL in DPPH, 2.70 µg/mL in ABTS, 3.71 µg/mL in DCF), indicating potent radical-scavenging potential. PM exhibited moderate antiradical capacity but similar intracellular activity (IC₅₀ = 3.80 µg/mL). Co-maceration followed by lyophilization of GT:PM extracts led to nearly additive interactions (CI~1.0) and allowed significant dose reduction (DRI up to 4.44). In contrast, post-mixed extracts showed assay-dependent effects, including antagonism in intracellular ROS inhibition (CI = 1.83). Equimolar mixtures of model polyphenols: EGCG, quercetin, and rosmarinic acid demonstrated enhanced effects, with the strongest synergy in ternary mixtures (CI = 0.67–0.86), potentially achievable in GT:PM combinations. These findings highlight that extract preparation critically influences antioxidant efficacy, supporting co-maceration as a promising strategy for developing effective functional formulations based on plant extract combinations. Full article

In recent years, the excessive use of pesticides has raised environmental and health concerns, which has led to research into natural alternatives. Essential oils may represent a sustainable solution to this problem. In this study, essential oils from Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Eucalyptus globulus Labill, and Mentha piperita L. were analyzed by GC–MS and tested in vitro using the poisoned food technique against six olive pathogen fungi: Alternaria sp., Arthrinium marii, Colletotrichum acutatum, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium solani, and Verticillium dahliae. T. capitata essential oil (0.1 g/L) showed the highest antifungal activity when compared to E. globulus and M. piperita essential oils, which exhibited significantly lower efficacy against the tested olive phytopathogenic fungi. GC–MS analysis revealed that carvacrol is the main compound (76.1%) in T. capitata essential oil. A comparison of the inhibitory effect of T. capitata essential oil (0.1 g/L) and carvacrol (0.07 g/L) on selected fungal strains showed similar results, with carvacrol slightly more effective, although the differences were mostly statistically insignificant, except for C. acutatum. To the authors knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the inhibitory effect of Thymbra capitata essential oil against A. marii and F. mediterranea. The results of this study represent a basis for the development of new biochemical biopesticides based on T. capitata essential oil as a useful tool for the contrast of some fungal olive tree diseases. Full article