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Spot melting is an emerging alternative to traditional line melting in electron beam powder bed fusion, dividing a layer into thousands of individual spots. This method allows for an almost infinite number of spot arrangements and spot melting sequences to tailor material and part properties. To enhance the productivity of spot melting, the number of spots can be reduced by increasing the beam diameter. However, this results in rough surfaces due to the staircase effect. The classical approach to counteract these effects is to melt a contour that surrounds the infill area. Creating effective contours is challenging because the melted area ought to cover the artifacts from the staircase effect and avoid porosity in the transition area between the infill and contour, all while minimizing additional energy and melt time. In this work, we propose an algorithm for generating a spot melting sequence for contour lines surrounding the infill area. Additionally, we compare three different approaches for combining the spot melting of infill and contour areas, each utilizing a combination of large infill spots and small contour spots. The quality of the contours is evaluated based on optical inspection as well as the porosity between infill and contour using electron optical images, balanced against the additional energy input. The most suitable approach is used to build a complex brake caliper. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Powder Bed Fusion Technologies)

17 pages, 2798 KB

Open AccessArticle

Aspects of Design Thinking, Material and Usability Engineering in the Design of Suit for Police Officers Operating on Motorcycles—Part I: Design and Safety Aspects

by Marcin Henryk Struszczyk, Małgorzata Kudlińska, Tomasz Miedzianowski, Marzena Fejdyś, Agnieszka Gutowska, Katarzyna Kośla and Piotr Suchocki

Materials 2025, 18(17), 4156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174156 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Motorcycle clothing, due to the specific aspects related to its field of use, especially in the area of public safety, requires a special approach already at the design level. The aim of the interdisciplinary research was to develop textile motorcycle suits (variants for summer and winter use) for police officers conducting operational activities on motorcycles. As part of the design research, the principles of design thinking were taken into account, considering material aspects and usability engineering, which allowed for the implementation of a design, material, and usability strategy, as well as the communication message. The developed prototypes of the suits met the requirements of PN-EN 13595 normative documents, indicating that the required safety requirements were met. The introduced principles of design thinking also took into account the aspects of designing a communication message, taking into account the principles of usability technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Textile Materials: Design, Characterization and Application)

18 pages, 4398 KB

Open AccessArticle

Connectivity Evaluation of Fracture-Cavity Reservoirs in S91 Unit

by Yunlong Xue, Yinghan Gao and Xiaobo Peng

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9738; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179738 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Carbonate fracture–cavity reservoirs are significant oil and gas reservoirs globally, and their efficient development is influenced by the connectivity between fracture–cavity units within the reservoir. These reservoirs primarily consist of large caves, dissolution holes, and natural fractures, which serve as the primary storage and flow spaces. The S91 unit of the Tarim Oilfield is a karstic fracture–cavity reservoir with shallow coverage. It exhibits significant heterogeneity in the fracture–cavity reservoirs and presents complex connectivity between the fracture–cavity bodies. The integration of static and dynamic data, including geology, well logging, seismic, and production dynamics, resulted in the development of a set of static and dynamic connectivity evaluation processes designed for highly heterogeneous fracture–cavity reservoirs. Methods include using structural gradient tensors and stratigraphic continuity attributes to delineate the boundaries of caves and holes; performing RGB fusion analysis of coherence, curvature, and variance attributes to characterize large-scale fault development features; applying ant-tracking algorithms and fracture simulation techniques to identify the distribution and density characteristics of fracture zones; utilizing 3D visualization technology to describe the spatial relationship between fracture–cavity units and large-scale faults and fracture development zones; and combining dynamic data to verify interwell connectivity. This process will provide a key geological basis for optimizing well network deployment, improving water and gas injection efficiency, predicting residual oil distribution, and formulating adjustment measures, thereby improving the development efficiency of such complex reservoirs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geophysical Exploration)

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22 pages, 2824 KB

Open AccessArticle

TEGOA-CNN: An Improved Gannet Optimization Algorithm for CNN Hyperparameter Optimization in Remote Sensing Sence Classification

by Tsu-Yang Wu, Chengyuan Yu, Haonan Li, Saru Kumari and Lip Yee Por

Remote Sens. 2025, 17(17), 3087; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17173087 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

The evolution of remote sensing technology has led to significant improvements in high-resolution and hyperspectral image acquisition, enhancing applications like environmental monitoring and disaster assessment. However, the high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and heterogeneity of these images pose challenges for intelligent interpretation. While deep learning models (e.g., CNN) require balancing efficiency and parameter optimization, meta-heuristic algorithms establish self-organizing, parallelized search mechanisms capable of achieving asymptotic approximation towards the global optimum of parameters without requiring gradient information. In this paper, we first propose an improved Gannet Optimization Algorithm (GOA), named TEGOA, which uses the T-distribution perturbation and elite retention to address CNN’s parameter dependency. The experiment on CEC2017 shows that TEGOA has a better performance on composition functions. Hence, it is suitable for solving complex optimization problems. Then, we propose a classification model TEGOA-CNN, which combines TEGOA with CNN to increase the accuracy and efficiency of remote sensing sence classification. The experiments of TEGOA-CNN on two well-known datasets, UCM and AID, showed a higher performance in classification accuracy of remote sensing images. Particularly, TEGOA-CNN achieves 100% classification accuracy on 10 out of the 21 surface categories of UCM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Image Classification: Theory and Application)

20 pages, 1002 KB

Open AccessReview

Toxicology of Airborne Inorganic Arsenic: Oxidative Stress, Molecular Mechanisms, and Organ-Specific Pathologies

by Qingyang Liu

Toxics 2025, 13(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090753 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid, poses a significant global public health threat due to widespread environmental contamination. Despite its well-documented carcinogenicity, critical gaps remain in understanding the health impacts of chronic low-level airborne exposure and the multi-modal mechanisms driving inorganic arsenic toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes recent molecular research and population health data to explain how airborne inorganic arsenic causes harm through multiple biological pathways. Key novel insights include (1) a comprehensive analysis of inorganic arsenic-induced oxidative stress and epigenetic dysregulation, revealing transgenerational effects via germline epigenetic markers; (2) a critical evaluation of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model, demonstrating its overestimation of low-dose risks by 2–3× compared to threshold-based evidence; and (3) descriptions of mechanistic links between inorganic arsenic speciation, organ-specific pathologies (e.g., neurodevelopmental impairments, cardiovascular diseases), and pollution mitigation strategies. This study connects molecular mechanisms with public health strategies to improve arsenic risk assessment. It focuses on how inorganic arsenic alters gene regulation (epigenetics) and combines exposure from multiple sources, while also clarifying uncertainties about low-dose effects and refining safety standards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Breathing: Unveiling the Impact of Heavy Metals on Lung Health)

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15 pages, 455 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Benefits of a Surgery-First Approach in Promoting the Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Skeletal Anomalies and Temporomandibular Disorder

by Simionescu Ana-Maria Andreea, Victor-Vlad Costan, Tinela Panaite, Anca Irina Gradinariu, Alina Elena Jehac, Adina Oana Armencia, Carina Balcos and Irina Nicoleta Zetu

Medicina 2025, 61(9), 1598; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61091598 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background: Orthognathic surgery using the Surgery-First approach (SFA) has gained increasing attention not only for its functional and aesthetic benefits but also for its potential psychological impact. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SFA on the psychological well-being of patients with dentofacial anomalies and temporomandibular disorders (TMD), using validated tools for assessing anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and pain catastrophizing (PCS). Materials and methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted on 27 patients treated between 2022 and 2025. TMD was assessed using the DC/TMD clinical criteria. Psychological status was evaluated preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively using the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and PCS standardized questionnaires. Results: Significant reductions were observed in all three domains: GAD-7 scores dropped from 13.8 to 4.1 (p < 0.001), PHQ-9 from 15.5 to 5.3 (p < 0.001), and PCS from 26.2 to 12.7 (p < 0.001). These are raw total scores; corresponding normalized mean scores (per item) decreased from 2.78 to 1.08 for GAD-7, from 3.00 to 0.36 for PHQ-9, and from 1.22 to 1.06 for PCS. The greatest improvements were seen in Class III patients with TMD. Psychological scores did not significantly predict persistent TMD. Conclusions: These findings support the psychological benefits of SFA and underline the importance of integrating psychological screening into orthognathic treatment planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Orthodontics and Dental Medicine)

17 pages, 574 KB

Open AccessArticle

Double Shield: The Roles of Personal and Organizational Resources in Promoting Positive Outcomes for Employees During Wartime

by Ronit Nadiv and Marianna Delegach

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(9), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091384 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Employee well-being is essential for organizational growth and success in stable times and is even more critical during crises and life-threatening events. Although the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of holistic approaches to sustaining employee well-being, limited research has been conducted to identify strategies for maintaining employee well-being and preventing burnout during life-threatening events, such as wars or terrorist attacks. Addressing this gap, the current study investigates how and why a range of organizational resources (i.e., perceived organizational support, managerial accessibility, and psychological safety) and personal resources (i.e., hope and paradox mindset) contribute to reducing employee burnout in times of existential threat. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we propose that employee well-being mediates the relationship between organizational and personal resources and burnout at work. Data were collected through an online two-wave survey administered by a professional survey firm with access to a diverse pool of Israeli employees across occupations and work roles in November (time 1) and December 2023 (time 2), following the October 7 terrorist attack by Hamas. A time-lagged design, with key outcomes collected one month after the predictors, was employed to reduce the risk of common method bias. The data were analyzed using path analysis with bootstrapped indirect effects. The results demonstrate that hope, organizational support, psychological safety, and managerial accessibility positively contribute to employee well-being, which, in turn, is associated with lower levels of burnout. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychological Resilience: The Mental Health Burden of Terrorism, Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Global Disparities)

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13 pages, 2134 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Eggshell Color Diversity on Hatchability, Translucency, and Quality Traits in Beijing-You Chicken Eggs

by Hongchang Gu, Zhixun Yan, Bing Zhang, Xia Chen, Ailian Geng, Yao Zhang, Jing Cao, Jian Zhang, Lingchao Zeng, Zhipeng Wang, Huagui Liu and Qin Chu

Animals 2025, 15(17), 2595; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15172595 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Due to the effects of pigment deposition and microstructure, the color of eggshells may influence the quality traits and hatchability of eggs. These traits are critical for breeding efficiency and economic outcomes in poultry production. Herein, Beijing-You chicken eggs were used as a model to investigate the effects of eggshell color due to their color-related polymorphism. A total of 4422 eggs were analyzed for their hatchability, categorized by storage duration and eggshell color. Results revealed that white-shelled eggs exhibit significantly lower hatchability and higher early embryo mortality compared to other colors, particularly after long-term storage. Purple-shelled eggs demonstrated superior eggshell quality, including higher strength, thickness, and weight, as well as better internal egg quality indicators such as thick albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color. Eggshell translucency showed a positive correlation with storage time and egg weight loss at all shell color types, with higher translucency levels associated with greater weight loss over time. This study examines associations between eggshell color, hatchability, translucency, and quality traits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Poultry)

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16 pages, 3651 KB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Mature Stage Sand Pear Fruit Response to High-Temperature Stress

by Yu-Xuan Li, Jia-Bei Cai and Xiao Liu

Plants 2025, 14(17), 2776; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14172776 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Sand pear is a fruit tree crop with high economic value, widely cultivated in East Asia. However, ripening fruits often suffer from high-temperature stress, which has adverse effects on the quality and yield of the fruit. In this study, we perform high-temperature treatment on mature stage ‘Housui’ pear fruits. The results showed that heat stress decreased fruit firmness and mineral elements, as well as lead to the flesh appearance of watercore. High temperature induces H₂O₂, MDA, and the antioxidant enzyme activity including SOD, APX, POD, and CAT were significantly increased. Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses revealed that heat stress up-regulated genes related to sucrose synthesis (SPS) while down-regulating those involved in sucrose degradation (SS and NI), resulting in sucrose accumulation. Moreover, the expression of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and sorbitol transporter (SOT) genes was markedly suppressed, leading to sorbitol accumulation and impaired transport, which promoted watercore development. High temperature also stimulated the expression of ethylene synthesis genes, accelerating abnormal ripening of fruits. In addition, high temperature decreased the accumulation of organic acid and bioactive compounds. Additionally, several antioxidant enzymes genes, five heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) and 34 heat shock protein (HSP) genes were significantly up-regulated. Together, these findings provided new insights into the transcriptional response and metabolomic reprogramming of sand pear response to high-temperature stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Epigenetic Regulation of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants)

9 pages, 3923 KB

Open AccessArticle

High-Precision Angle Sensor Based on Angle Amplification via Double-Layer Regular Prism Structure

by Bai Zhang, Xixi Cao, Lihan Su, Zipeng Yin, Chunyan Zhou, Xueliang Kang and Yiwei Liu

Photonics 2025, 12(9), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12090890 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

In this paper, a high-precision sensor for angle measurement with angle amplification based on the double-layer regular prisms structure was designed. The angle amplification was achieved by multiple reflections of the measurement laser between the inner and outer double-layer regular prism structure. The trajectory of the measurement laser within the double-layer regular prism structure was investigated, and a corresponding mathematical model was developed. A position-sensitive detector (PSD) measures displacement variations in the measurement laser and ultimately enables angle measurement by applying the displacement-to-angle conversion relationship derived from analysis of the reflection trajectory model. The sensor prototype achieved a measurement precision of ±0.5″. Additionally, the feasibility of the alternative measurement method using multiple measurement units was experimentally verified, while its measurement accuracy remained comparable to that of a single unit. The 360° angle measurement through proper arrangement of multiple PSDs can be achieved as well, and its feasibility has been discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors and Devices)

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15 pages, 910 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lysine-Leucine-Rich Frog Skin Antimicrobial Peptides Inhibit Breast Cancer Metastasis by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization

by Zhenyan Li, Xuan Zhou, Weibing Dong and Ang Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178627 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most important components of the tumor microenvironment and play a critical role in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. These cells have become a new therapeutic target for inhibiting tumor progression. Lysine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptides have well-documented anticancer activity in vitro, but their immune regulatory activity in human macrophages is not clear. The present study investigated the regulatory effects of lysine/leucine-rich peptides on the polarization of M2-like macrophages and the metastasis of breast cancer cells mediated by M2-like TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our results revealed remarkable inhibition of the polarization of M2-like macrophages following treatment with lysine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptides, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of the M2-like macrophage-specific factors interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β1) and the M2 macrophage-specific marker CD206. The lysine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptides downregulated the expression of PPARγ and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the phosphorylation of STAT6 in the STAT6 signaling pathway, which resulted in a decrease in IL-10 and TGF-β1. Moreover, we found that lysine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptide-treated macrophages reduced the migration of cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the mTOR, smad2 and ERK proteins during tumor metastasis. These findings highlight the potential of lysine/leucine-rich antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents that target M2-like macrophages to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Oncology)

23 pages, 7670 KB

Open AccessArticle

Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Scabiosa palaestina Extract: Characterization, Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities

by Heba Hellany, Adnan Badran, Ghosoon Albahri, Nadine Kafrouny, Riham El Kurdi, Marc Maresca, Digambara Patra and Elias Baydoun

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(17), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15171368 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising materials for the development of novel anticancer agents, and their green synthesis has become essential because of their numerous advantages. This study aimed to synthesize AuNPs using an ethanolic extract of Scabiosa palaestina, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their anticancer properties and antioxidant potential. AuNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results indicated that the biosynthesized AuNPs were spherical and well-dispersed, exhibiting an absorption peak at 560 nm and an average size of 9.9 nm. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231, Capan-2, HCT116, and 22Rv1 cancer cell lines, with 22Rv1 and MDA-MB-231 cells showing the most potent responses. At the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL), after 72 h, cell viability was reduced to 16.04 ± 1.8% for 22Rv1 and 17.48 ± 8.3% for MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, the AuNPs exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging assays. In summary, the synthesized AuNPs demonstrated multifunctional properties that make them suitable for a wide range of biomedical and biotechnological applications. Full article

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20 pages, 567 KB

Open AccessReview

Cushing’s Disease in the Animal Kingdom: Translational Insights for Human Medicine

by Elena Massardi, Germano Gaudenzi, Silvia Carra, Monica Oldani, Ilona Rybinska, Luca Persani and Giovanni Vitale

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178626 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Cushing’s disease (CD) is a rare neuroendocrine disorder caused by ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, presenting significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Given the evolutionary conservation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, this review explores the translational value of spontaneous CD forms in dogs, horses, cats, small mammals, and rats, as well as of experimental models in mice, rats, and zebrafish. Dogs are the most studied, showing strong molecular and clinical similarities with human CD, making them valuable for preclinical drug and diagnostic research. While equine and feline CD are less characterized, they may provide insights into dopaminergic therapies and glucocorticoid resistance. Nevertheless, practical and ethical challenges limit the experimental use of companion animals. In preclinical research, mouse models are widely used to study hypercortisolism and test therapeutic agents via transgenic and xenograft strategies. Conversely, few studies are available on a zebrafish transgenic model for CD, displaying pituitary corticotroph expansion and partial resistance to glucocorticoid-negative feedback at the larval stage, while adults exhibit hypercortisolism resembling the human phenotype. Future transplantable systems in zebrafish may overcome several limitations observed in mice, supporting CD research. Collectively, these animal models, each offering unique advantages and limitations, provide a diverse toolkit for advancing CD research and improving human clinical outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of IJMS: Advances in Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism)

22 pages, 551 KB

Open AccessArticle

Problematic Social Media Use and Its Relationship with Breastfeeding Behaviors and Anxiety in Social Media-Native Mothers: A Mixed-Methods Study

by Hülya Tosun and Hava Özkan

Healthcare 2025, 13(17), 2216; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13172216 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Social Media Use has become an integral part of contemporary motherhood, with potential effects on maternal mental health and breastfeeding behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between problematic social media use, anxiety levels, infant feeding attitudes, and feeding intentions among social media-native mothers. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used with 222 mothers. Quantitative data were collected using the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Social Media Disorders Scale (SMDS-9), Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IOWA), and Newborn Feeding Intention Scale (IFI). Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analyses explored associations between problematic social media use, anxiety, and feeding-related outcomes, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Results: SMDS-9 scores were generally low; only 2.7% of participants reported low feeding intention. No significant association was found between problematic social media use and breastfeeding intention or attitudes. Mothers with strong breastfeeding intentions demonstrated significantly more positive attitudes toward nursing than those with lower intentions. Higher problematic social media use was observed among high school graduates and those from high-income groups. Qualitative analysis identified two main themes of Negative Impacts and Positive Impacts, as well as five sub-themes of comparison and inadequacy, information overload, breastfeeding mistakes, anxiety, and social support. Conclusions: Problematic social media use did not directly affect breastfeeding intentions or attitudes; however, high school-educated and high-income mothers were more likely to report higher usage. Incorporating social media literacy into prenatal education and adapting tools for assessing postpartum anxiety to include indicators for problematic social media use, particularly for these at-risk groups, may support early detection, reduce stress, and promote positive breastfeeding practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine)

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20 pages, 4093 KB

Open AccessArticle

Implications of Spatial Reliability Within the Wind Sector

by Athanasios Zisos and Andreas Efstratiadis

Energies 2025, 18(17), 4717; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174717 (registering DOI) - 4 Sep 2025

Abstract

Distributed energy systems have gained increasing popularity due to their plethora of benefits. However, their evaluation in terms of reliability mostly concerns the time frequency domain, and, thus, merits associated with the spatial scale are often overlooked. A recent study highlighted the benefits of distributed production over centralized one by establishing a spatial reliability framework and stress-testing it for decentralized solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. This work extends and verifies this approach to wind energy systems while also highlighting additional challenges for implementation. These are due to the complexities of the non-linear nature of wind-to-power conversion, as well as to wind turbine siting, and turbine model and hub height selection issues, with the last ones strongly depending on local conditions. Leveraging probabilistic modeling techniques, such as Monte Carlo, this study quantifies the aggregated reliability of distributed wind power systems, facilitated through the capacity factor, using Greece as an example. The results underscore the influence of spatial complementarity and technical configuration on generation adequacy, offering a more robust basis for planning and optimizing future wind energy deployments, which is especially relevant in the context of increasing global deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Distributed Energy Resources on Power Systems)

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