Search Results (1,822)

Urban shrinkage has become a critical constraint on China’s pursuit of high-quality economic development. As a core driver of new-quality productive forces, digital technological innovation warrants systematic examination for its role in mitigating urban shrinkage. Given the current lack of research on multidimensional measures of urban shrinkage and the mechanisms through which digital technologies influence this phenomenon, this study utilizes panel data from 269 prefecture-level and higher cities in China from 2014 to 2022. By employing two-way fixed-effects models, mediation models, and threshold regression models, the study systematically examines the impact, mechanisms, and nonlinear characteristics of digital technology innovation on urban shrinkage. The empirical results demonstrate that digital technological innovation has a significant mitigating effect on urban shrinkage; this conclusion holds even after conducting a series of robustness tests, including replacing the core explanatory variable, accounting for lag effects, using SYS-GMM estimation, and adjusting the sample range. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the mitigating effect is more pronounced in shrinking cities, peripheral cities, resource-based cities, and cities with lower educational attainment. Mechanism analysis reveals that agricultural-related innovation acts as a mediating channel, whereas rural entrepreneurship exhibits a “partial masking effect” in the relationship between digital technological innovation and urban shrinkage. Moderation analysis further shows that higher levels of ecological environmental resilience amplify the inhibitory effect of digital technological innovation. Finally, threshold regression results identify a significant double-threshold effect, with the mitigating impact of digital technological innovation emerging only after exceeding the first threshold value of 5.690. Based on these findings, this study recommends implementing differentiated digital-technology-driven innovation strategies, with agriculture-related innovation serving as a strategic entry point to stimulate regional innovation and entrepreneurial vitality. At the same time, strengthening ecological resilience should be promoted to support coordinated green and digital transformation. These findings provide empirical evidence for the formulation of differentiated urban digital transformation policies aimed at mitigating urban shrinkage. Full article

This article critically examines the evolving integration of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) into green infrastructure (GI) concepts, a discussion gaining relevance amid geopolitical instability and global disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. These events have exposed food systems' vulnerability and reinforced the importance of preserving fertile urban and peri-urban land to enhance food security and sovereignty. UPA’s capacity to deliver several ecosystem services further reinforces its significance for socio-environmental policies. Based on a cross-disciplinary literature review, the study traces the conceptual evolution of GI from early models that separated agricultural and urban landscapes to contemporary frameworks that position agriculture as a central dimension of urban systems. It then analyses concepts such as Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (CPUL), Edible GI, and Agroecological Urbanism, evaluating how they intersect with the core landscape ecology principles underpinning GI: multifunctionality, connectivity and spatial heterogeneity. Focusing on the European context, the discussion highlights key factors influencing GI-UPA integration: the definition of production model, the planning approaches guiding its development, and the policy frameworks required to support it. The paper concludes that embedding UPA within GI planning is pivotal to advancing integrative, resilient, and socially just urban greening strategies. Full article

In recent decades, the Ucayali region, the main territory of the Asheninka communities, has experienced increasing socio-environmental pressures associated with climate change, educational inequality, and territorial vulnerability in rural and indigenous contexts. In response, this research proposes the design of a sustainable agricultural school for the Asheninka community, conceived as an educational building that integrates biophilic strategies to enhance environmental performance and spatial quality. The methodological approach comprises a literature review, site-specific environmental analysis based on hydrometeorological data, and the development of an architectural proposal focused on sustainable building design. Digital tools such as Revit and SketchUp were employed alongside official climatic data sources to support design decision-making. The proposal includes twelve biophilic agricultural classrooms incorporating passive design strategies, rainwater harvesting systems with a capacity of 22.5 m³ per day per classroom, and photovoltaic-powered public lighting systems. Results indicate that the integration of natural ventilation, green infrastructure, and locally sourced materials contributes to significant improvements in thermal comfort, humidity control, and energy autonomy within the educational facilities. The architectural complex is complemented by green corridors and collective open spaces that reinforce environmental performance at the site scale. This study demonstrates that sustainable educational buildings adapted to local ecosystems and climatic conditions can function as effective infrastructures for environmental mitigation and resilient rural development, contributing to more sustainable forms of urban and rural living. Full article

Propolis is a resin collected by bees from several plant sources and used by humans for centuries. Its commercial use is usually based on alcoholic extracts, which is a drawback for some applications. Conversely, oil extracts are non-toxic and capable of extracting and dissolving a wide range of less polar compounds. As previous studies showed that oil extracts presented bioactivity similar to ethanolic extracts, a reproducible method for the extraction of green Brazilian propolis was developed and patented. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic and oil extracts of green propolis were compared as well as their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) profiles, with similar results. A method was developed to recover propolis bioactive compounds from the oily matrix in order to allow its qualitative and quantitative quality control, according to parameters determined by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, and is presented herein for the first time. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and dry mass are comparable to the ethanolic extract. Therefore, OEP can be recommended for the diverse food supplements and cosmetic products that currently use the ethanolic extract of propolis, without the drawbacks of the presence of alcohol in these formulations. Full article

Carbon emissions from crop farming are a critical component of carbon emissions from land use. This study focuses on crop farming in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The carbon emission coefficient method, the LMDI model, the Tapio decoupling model, and the GM(1,1) gray forecasting model were employed to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal evolution, driving mechanisms, decoupling effects, and future trends of carbon emissions from crop farming in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, based on panel data from 11 provinces (municipalities) covering the period 2013–2024. The results show that the total carbon emissions from crop farming in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibit an inverted “U”-shaped pattern, rising initially and then declining, while carbon emission intensity continues to decrease. In terms of emission sources, methane emissions from paddy fields account for the highest proportion, emissions from agricultural inputs show a steady decline, and emissions from soil use continue to rise. Regarding driving factors, crop farming efficiency is the most significant negative driver, while regional economic development serves as the primary positive driver; the decoupling pattern has gradually transitioned from “weak decoupling” to a predominantly “strong decoupling” pattern; projection results indicate that both carbon emissions and emission intensity from crop farming in the Yangtze River Economic Belt will generally decline in the future, though regional pressure for emission reductions remains significant; agricultural industrial structures should be optimized and adjusted, with efforts focused on promoting the standardized and scaled development of organic and ecological agriculture to facilitate the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture. Full article

High-precision identification and three-dimensional (3D) positioning of cabbage plants across their entire growth cycle are fundamental prerequisites for automated agricultural management. To overcome field challenges like extreme morphological variations, severe leaf occlusion, and bounding box jitter, we introduce a camera-LiDAR fusion perception system. First, an advanced SCEW-YOLOv8 architecture is proposed, sequentially integrating SPD-Conv downsampling, a C2f-CX global feature enhancement module, an EMA cross-space attention mechanism, and the WIoU v3 loss function. Evaluated on a comprehensive whole-growth-cycle cabbage dataset, the model achieves 95.8% mAP@0.5 and 90.8% recall with a real-time inference speed of 64.2 FPS. Furthermore, a visual semantic-driven camera-LiDAR fusion ranging algorithm is developed. Through rigorous spatiotemporal synchronization and cascaded outlier filtering, the integrated system achieves millimeter-level 3D localization within the typical 1.0–2.0 m operating range of agricultural robots. It maintains a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of only 1.45 mm in the longitudinal direction at a stable processing throughput of 20 FPS. Compared to traditional pure vision depth estimation, this heterogeneous fusion approach achieves a remarkable 96.3% reduction in spatial positioning error at extended distances, fundamentally eliminating depth degradation caused by complex illumination. Ultimately, this system provides a highly robust, full-cycle geometric perception framework for the autonomous management of open-field green cabbage. Full article

Increasing agricultural productivity is vital for global food security, but it poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems through diffuse pollution. As Türkiye aims to harmonise its agricultural policies with the European Green Deal, quantifying agricultural non-point-source pollution (ANPSP) is essential for sustainable water management. This study evaluates ANPSP loads, including Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N), originating from cereal production, fertiliser application, and livestock farming across Türkiye from 2015 to 2024. By employing activity data and pollution load coefficients, the spatiotemporal dynamics of ANPSP were analysed at both national and regional levels. The results demonstrate that cereal production is the predominant source of nutrient loading (60.5% TN, 64.9% TP), whereas livestock activities account for 52.2% of the COD load. Fertiliser use contributed 23.0% and 20.6% to TN and TP loads, respectively. The Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions were identified as high-intensity pollution hotspots. These findings provide a robust baseline for developing region-specific mitigation strategies, such as precision fertilisation and circular waste-to-energy systems, to support Türkiye’s transition toward a Zero-Pollution and sustainable agricultural future. Full article

Insect sex pheromone receptors (PRs) are crucial for regulating mating and reproduction. In the insect olfactory perception pathway, the pheromone-binding protein (PBP) facilitates the efficient translocation of sex pheromones, enabling them to bind to PRs. PRs convert chemical signals into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the insect central nervous system to ultimately regulate reproductive behaviors. Thus, conducting functional analysis of PRs not only clarifies the molecular mechanism underlying insect mating via sex pheromone recognition and reveals the intrinsic regulatory link between sex pheromone detection and mating behavior but also provides theoretical support for the scientific understanding of the insect olfactory system. Additionally, this research lays a core theoretical foundation for the development of green pest control technologies in agriculture and forestry. This paper systematically reviews the research methods, technical principles, and advantages and disadvantages of techniques used to study insect PR genes. It summarizes representative identified PRs and their corresponding research strategies, aiming to provide a reference for future investigations into insect chemical communication and for the advancement of pest control practices. Full article

With the advancement of agricultural modernization, issues related to resource conservation, intensive utilization, and green, low-carbon development have become increasingly prominent. To enhance water and fertilizer use efficiency in Henan Province and promote green, low-carbon, and sustainable agricultural development, field experiments were conducted during 2023–2024. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each plot measured 30 m² (5 m × 6 m), totaling 36 plots. An IoT-based real-time coordinated water-fertilizer regulation technology, driven by continuous WSH-TDR310S sensor monitoring of soil moisture and nitrogen status with automated threshold-based control logic, was implemented. By transforming the traditional static scheduling approach into a dynamic feedback mechanism driven by real-time sensor data, the synchronization between resource supply and crop demand was achieved. This study aimed to elucidate the response characteristics of summer maize growth dynamics and farmland N₂O emissions under the proposed regulation strategy. The experiment included three levels of water deficit (mild, moderate, and severe) and three fertilization levels (low, medium, and high), resulting in a total of nine real-time water–fertilizer coordinated regulation treatments, along with three local border irrigation control treatments. The results showed that under real-time water–fertilizer regulation, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index of summer maize exhibited unimodal variation patterns, with the medium irrigation–medium fertilization (B2) treatment performing optimally. Compared with the border-irrigation medium-fertilization control (D2), plant height and stem diameter under the B2 treatment increased significantly. Cumulative farmland N₂O emissions increased with higher irrigation and fertilization levels, with the border-irrigation high-fertilization treatment producing the highest emissions. Yield formation was mainly governed by structural growth traits, with plant height showing the strongest predictive ability, followed by stem diameter, whereas leaf area index showed weaker explanatory power. Summer maize yield exhibited a unimodal response to both irrigation and nitrogen input levels. Compared with the D2 treatment, the B2 treatment increased grain yield by 41.33%, while achieving water-saving and fertilizer-saving rates of 38.10% and 35.75%, respectively, thereby achieving an optimal balance between high yield and efficient water–fertilizer utilization. These findings provide theoretical support for summer maize production in the North China Plain and contribute to the promotion of green and sustainable agricultural development. Full article

Reducing agricultural emissions is vital for climate mitigation, yet evidence on green finance’s potential to facilitate agricultural decarbonization—particularly in China—remains scarce. Leveraging China’s Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Zones as a quasi-natural experiment, this study employs a staggered difference-in-differences design and complementary Callaway-Sant’Anna estimates. Using a balanced panel of 282 prefecture-level and above cities spanning 2012–2022—a window covering five pre-policy years before the initial 2017 pilot rollout and sufficient post-policy years to capture dynamic effects for the 2017, 2019, and 2022 cohorts—this study assesses the policy impact on agricultural carbon emission intensity. The findings reveal that the pilot policy reduces emission intensity by approximately 9.2% on average. This result is robust across event-study analyses, placebo tests, PSM-DID, policy interference checks, and alternative outcome specifications. Channel-consistent evidence suggests that the effect operates through three mechanisms: greener credit allocation, stronger green technological innovation, and lower-carbon adjustment of the agricultural production structure. The effect is larger in eastern China, major grain-producing regions, and cities with higher levels of financial development, and exhibits a strengthening trend over time. By analyzing China’s city-based pilot approach, this study demonstrates how financial policy can support agricultural decarbonization in settings characterized by dispersed emitters, imperfect environmental monitoring, and strong food-security constraints. The findings extend beyond China to inform other developing economies seeking non-price-based pathways to greener agriculture. Full article

To address the limitation of insufficient mechanical strength and short service life in biodegradable bamboo fiber mulch film (BFM) replacing plastic film in agriculture, this study applied a biochemical method to make bamboo fiber and used bacterial cellulose (BC) as a natural nanoscale reinforcing agent to fabricate high-performance bacterial cellulose bamboo fiber mulch film (BC-BFM). The physical and mechanical properties, chemical structure, seed germination and degradation behavior performance of BC-BFM were characterized. Results demonstrated the structural compactness and homogeneity of the BC-BFM were improved markedly with the increase in BC addition and BC formed a 3D nanofibrillar network that effectively bridged inter-fiber voids. The tensile, burst and tear indexes of BC-BFM all significantly rose with BC addition. Notably, compared to plastic film and BFM, BC-BFM exhibited a good effect on mung bean seed germination and the best growth speed was at 5% BC addition. Furthermore, the degradation test showed that the degradation rate of BC-BFM within 90 d was three times less than that of BFM and service life was similar to plastic film. This showed that it was a promising method to prepare biodegradable high-quality BFM through biochemical preparation of bamboo fiber and BC nanocellulose reinforcement. This method markedly enhanced the mechanical performance and durability of BC-BFM, providing a feasible technical path for the development of biodegradable high-performance green agricultural covering materials with long service life. Full article

The increased demand for food worldwide has led to the widespread use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. Since the Green Revolution, the use of such chemical fertilizers has been in high demand as a nutrient input in agriculture. The increased application of fertilizer to upsurge crop yields is not suitable for the long term and leads to nutrient loss, as well as severe environmental and ecological consequences. In contrast to conventional fertilizers, nano fertilizers, which are designed at the 1–100 nm size, provide focused nutrient delivery, decreased leaching, and improved plant absorption. They accomplish this by greatly increasing crop yields, enhancing fertilizer usage efficiency, and facilitating sustainable farming in the face of obstacles, including resource scarcity, climate change, and a projected population size of 10 billion by 2050. In comparison to typical NPK fertilizers at equal nutrient rates, nano fertilizers enhanced crop yields by an average of 20–23% across cereals, legumes, and horticulture crops according to studies conducted between 2015 and 2024. In particular, using nano urea with rice increased grain yields by 28.6% with 44% less nitrogen input, and applying nano zinc to wheat increased yields by 31.2% and improved the grain’s Zn content by 41%. Through targeted foliar or soil application, nano fertilizers frequently increase nutrient use efficiency (NUE) by more than 50% as opposed to 30–50% for conventional fertilizers. Nano fertilizer is prepared based on the encapsulation of plant essential minerals and nutrients with a suitable polymer matrix as a carrier and then delivered as nano-sized particles or emulsions to the plants. Natural plant openings like stomata and lenticels in plant parts facilitate the uptake and diffusion, leading to higher NUE. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the development of advanced nano-based and smart agriculture using nano fertilizer to improve nutritional management. Furthermore, nanoscale fertilizers and their formulation, nano-based approaches to increase crop production, the different types of fertilizers that are currently available, and the mechanism of action of the nano fertilizers are discussed. Thus, it is expected that a properly designed nano fertilizer could synchronize the release of nutrients in crop plants as and when needed. Full article

Green rice husk dietary fiber (GHDF) is an underutilized agricultural by-product with promising potential for applications in the food industry. This study investigated the effects of incorporating dietary fiber from GHDF at 1%, 3%, and 5% together with different hydrocolloids, including xanthan gum (XG), carrageenan (CC), and guar gum (GG), on the physical and chemical, textural properties, and consumer acceptance of gummy products. The results showed that adding more GHDF increased the nutritional value of the gummies, with total dietary fiber ranging from 1.01 to 5.02 g per 100 g of product. FTIR results also showed that fiber from green rice husk was present in the gummies. The combined addition of GHDF and hydrocolloids also affected the internal gel structure of the products. This interaction made the gel structure stronger, resulting in firmer gummies with greater hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. In addition, higher GHDF levels contributed to reduced syneresis. Among the hydrocolloids tested, xanthan gum produced the strongest gel, while the formulation with 3% GG received the highest consumer liking scores. These results suggest that GHDF could be used as a useful ingredient to develop food products with higher nutritional value and better use of agricultural by-products. Full article

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized through green routes have emerged as promising nanobiostimulants in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to enhance plant growth and antioxidant defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biostimulant effect of SeNPs on Capsicum annuum at two stages of crop development to characterize the response to SeNP exposure and identify concentration-dependent effects and application methods. Physiological indicators, including growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and antioxidant activity, were evaluated. Different concentrations of SeNPs were tested during germination, and dosage and two types of application were compared during the vegetative phase in a hydroponic experiment. SeNPs at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µM were applied to chili seeds for 20 days. The plants were exposed to SeNPs concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 80 µM, applied through the roots and leaves. Germination parameters were not significantly affected except for the seed vigor index, which increased at all concentrations, particularly at 20 µM. Low to moderate doses (1.25–20 µM) acted as biostimulants, enhancing plant height, root length, biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigment content, and phenolic and flavonoid compound synthesis. Conversely, high doses (80 µM) induced phytotoxic effects, especially via root exposure, reflected by growth inhibition, and reduced chlorophyll content. Foliar application demonstrated a systemic biostimulant response, improving root growth and photosynthetic activity without toxicity symptoms. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) revealed dose-dependent modulation of redox balance, suggesting adaptive responses to SeNP-induced oxidative conditions. These findings highlight the potential of SeNPs as biostimulants that improve physiological performance in chili plants, while emphasizing the importance of an optimal dosing and application method for sustainable nanotechnology-based crop management. Full article

Combine harvesters are core modern grain production equipment with high reliability, critical for food security. Yet their metal parts suffer severe grain-induced wear during operation, directly reducing efficiency, increasing grain loss, and raising maintenance costs and environmental burdens. This paper clarifies the grain-induced wear source characteristics and the dominant mechanisms and hazards for combine harvester metal surfaces, as well as summarizes the research progress of four key protection strategies: wear-resistant materials, surface engineering, structural and parameter optimization, and maintenance and remanufacturing. Based on the latest research data, the working principles, performance advantages and application scenarios of various protective technologies were analyzed. Current research faces several challenges: insufficient systematic wear data for multiple crops, unclear multi-factor coupled wear mechanisms, limited low-cost and long-lasting protective technologies, and the absence of online wear monitoring techniques. Finally, the directions for future research focus, such as the systematic research on the wear characteristics of multiple crops, the deepening of the wear mechanism of multi-factor coupling, the development of green, low-cost and long-term protection technologies, and the development of online wear monitoring and active control systems, are explored, providing theoretical support and technical reference for the transformation of wear control in combine harvesters, from passive maintenance to active protection throughout the entire life cycle. Such future work supports the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization and ensures food security. Full article